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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Health Inequities, Environmental Insecurity and the Attainment of the Millennium Development Goals in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case Study of Zambia
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Health Inequities, Environmental Insecurity and the Attainment of the Millennium Development Goals in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case Study of Zambia

机译：撒哈拉以南非洲的健康不平等，环境不安全和千年发展目标的实现：赞比亚的案例研究

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The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are a series of 8 goals and 18 targets aimed at ending extreme poverty by 2015, and there are 48 quantifiable indicators for monitoring the process. Most of the MDGs are health or health-related goals. Though the MDGs might sound ambitious, it is imperative that the world, and sub-Saharan Africa in particular, wake up to the persistent and unacceptably high rates of extreme poverty that populations live in, and find lasting solutions to age-old problems. Extreme poverty is a cause and consequence of low income, food insecurity and hunger, education and gender inequities, high disease burden, environmental degradation, insecure shelter, and lack of access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. It is also directly linked to unsound governance and inequitable distribution of public wealth. While many regions in the world will strive to attain the MDGs by 2015, most of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with major human development challenges associated with socio-economic disparities, will not. Zambia’s MDG progress reports of 2003 and 2005 show that despite laudable political commitment and some advances made towards achieving universal primary education, gender equality, improvement of child health and management of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, it is not likely that Zambia will achieve even half of the goals. Zambia’s systems have been weakened by high disease burden and excess mortality, natural and man-made environmental threats and some negative effects of globalization such as huge external debt, low world prices for commodities and the human resource “brain drain”, among others. Urgent action must follow political will, and some tried and tested strategies or “quick wins” that have been proven to produce high positive impact in the short term, need to be rapidly embarked upon by Zambia and other countries in sub-Saharan Africa if they are to achieve the Millennium Development Goals.
机译：联合国千年发展目标（MDG）是一系列8个目标和18个目标，旨在到2015年消除极端贫困，并且有48个可量化的指标来监测这一进程。大多数千年发展目标是健康或与健康相关的目标。尽管千年发展目标听起来有些雄心勃勃，但当务之急是，世界，尤其是撒哈拉以南非洲地区，要唤醒人们所生活的持续不断的高贫困率，这是令人无法接受的，并找到持久解决老问题的办法。极端贫困是低收入，粮食不安全和饥饿，教育和性别不平等，疾病负担高，环境恶化，住房不安全以及缺乏安全饮用水和基本卫生设施的原因和结果。它也与不健全的治理和公共财富分配不均直接相关。尽管世界上许多地区都将努力在2015年前实现千年发展目标，但撒哈拉以南非洲的大多数国家都面临着与社会经济差距有关的重大人类发展挑战，但这些国家却没有这样做。赞比亚2003年和2005年的千年发展目标进度报告显示，尽管赞扬了政治承诺，并在实现普及初等教育，性别平等，改善儿童健康和管理艾滋病毒/艾滋病方面取得了一些进展，但赞比亚不可能实现一半目标。赞比亚的系统由于疾病负担高，死亡率高，自然和人为的环境威胁以及全球化的一些负面影响而被削弱，例如巨大的外债，商品的世界低价和人力资源“人才外流”等。紧急行动必须遵循政治意愿，赞比亚和撒哈拉以南非洲其他国家必须迅速采取一些久经考验的战略或“快速制胜法”，这些战略或“快速制胜法”在短期内会产生积极的影响。是要实现千年发展目标。

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