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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Toward an Effective Long-Term Strategy for Preventing Motor Vehicle Crashes and Injuries
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Toward an Effective Long-Term Strategy for Preventing Motor Vehicle Crashes and Injuries

机译：制定预防机动车碰撞和伤害的有效长期策略

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Casualties due to motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) include some 40,000 deaths each year in the United States and one million deaths worldwide. One strategy that has been recommended for improving automobile safety is to lower speed limits and enforce them with speed cameras. However, motor vehicles can be hazardous even at low speeds whereas properly protected human beings can survive high-speed crashes without injury. Emphasis on changing driver behavior as the focus for road safety improvements has been largely unsuccessful; moreover, drivers today are increasingly distracted by secondary tasks such as cell phone use and texting. Indeed, the true limiting factor in vehicular safety is the capacity of human beings to sense and process information and to make rapid decisions. Given that dramatic reductions in injuries and deaths from MVCs have occurred over the past century due to improvements in safety technology, despite increases in the number of vehicles on the road and miles driven per vehicle, we propose that an effective long-term strategy for reducing MVC-related injury would be continued technological innovation in vehicle design, aimed at progressively removing the driver from routine operational decision-making. Once this is achieved, high rates of speed could be achieved on open highways, with minimal risk of crashes and injury to occupants and pedestrians.
机译：机动车事故（MVC）造成的人员伤亡包括在美国每年约40,000例死亡和全球范围内一百万例死亡。已建议提高汽车安全性的一种策略是降低速度限制，并使用测速相机强制实施。然而，机动车辆即使在低速行驶时也可能是危险的，而受到适当保护的人可以在高速碰撞中幸免于难。强调改变驾驶员的行为作为改善道路安全的重点在很大程度上没有成功;此外，当今的驾驶员越来越受到诸如手机使用和短信等次要任务的干扰。实际上，车辆安全的真正限制因素是人类感知和处理信息并做出快速决策的能力。鉴于在过去的一个世纪中，由于安全技术的提高，尽管由于道路上车辆数量的增加和每辆车行驶的英里数的增加，MVC造成的伤亡人数大幅减少，所以我们建议采取有效的长期战略来减少与MVC相关的伤害将是车辆设计中的持续技术创新，目的是逐步将驾驶员从日常运营决策中剔除。一旦实现了这一目标，便可以在空旷的高速公路上实现高速度，而将撞车和对乘员及行人造成伤害的风险降至最低。

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