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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Dharma Studies >Questioning the Western idea of reason through Hindu philosophy: An analysis of The Circle of Reason by Amitav Ghosh
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Questioning the Western idea of reason through Hindu philosophy: An analysis of The Circle of Reason by Amitav Ghosh

机译：通过印度哲学质疑西方的理性观念：阿米塔夫·戈什（Amitav Ghosh）的理性之圈分析

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The Western idea of reason and science has always been one of the most important tools used by Europeans in the colonial project to define the differentiation between native and European and the hierarchy between these two groups. In the context of Indian civilization, Europeans built their own stereotype through the emphasis on the supposed superiority of analytical reason and of Western science, while they also built the image of Indians as passive, religious, and illogical beings. One of the characteristics of postcolonialism, however, is the questioning of these “prerogatives” by reconfiguring or instrumentalizing the features that were once subjugated by European colonialism. Thus, the post-colonial fiction becomes a vital instrument for working with these stereotypes without the constraints imposed by the technicality of scientific text, which still suffers from the prejudices of Western binary division between science and religion or spirituality. The Indian writer Amitav Ghosh is a master at questioning the European colonial principles through critical reinterpretation of Indian popular and philosophical/religious knowledge. Through the literary analysis of Ghosh’s first novel The Circle of Reason (1986), I intend to demonstrate how he subdues the glorification of reason and Western science exemplified by phrenology, sanitation, sewing machines, etc. To accomplish this, I will focus on his strategy of naming the three parts of the novel after the three gu?as ( sattva , rajas and tamas ) as well as the use of other references to Hindu philosophy such as Nachiketa, the main character of the Ka?ha Upani?ad and the concept of māyā in the depiction of characters. Although some critics have paid relatively little attention to Ghosh’s use of Hindu philosophy, with some of them even suggesting its irrelevance to understand the novel, I argue that these elements appropriated from Hindu philosophy are fundamental to the understanding of the main dimension of the novel. Hindu philosophy then becomes not just Ghosh’s critical tool to question the Western monolithic view that establishes only one form of rationality as the legitimate one, but also the main theoretical tool for the present literary analysis.
机译：西方的理性与科学观念一直是欧洲人在殖民项目中用来定义本土人与欧洲人之间以及两者之间等级制差异的最重要工具之一。在印度文明的背景下，欧洲人通过强调分析理性和西方科学的所谓优势来建立自己的刻板印象，同时也建立了印第安人作为被动，宗教和不合逻辑的存在的形象。但是，后殖民主义的特征之一是对这些“特权”的质疑，即通过重新配置或工具化曾经被欧洲殖民主义所征服的特征。因此，后殖民小说成为处理这些陈规定型观念的重要工具，不受科学文本的技术性的限制，而科学文本的技术性仍然受到西方在科学与宗教或灵性之间二元划分的偏见的困扰。印度作家阿米塔夫·戈什（Amitav Ghosh）擅长通过对印度的通俗知识和哲学/宗教知识的批判性重新诠释来质疑欧洲的殖民原则。通过对戈什（Ghosh）的第一部长篇小说《理性圈》（The Circle of Reason）（1986）的文学分析，我打算证明他如何服从理性的荣耀和西方科学，例如以颅相，卫生，缝纫机等为代表。命名这部小说的三个部分的策略，分别是三个格塔（萨特瓦，拉贾斯和塔玛斯），以及使用其他诸如印度教哲学之类的参考文献，例如纳基塔（Nachiketa），卡帕·乌帕尼（Ka？ha Upani）广告和人物描绘中的“玛雅”概念。尽管一些评论家对戈什对印度哲学的使用很少关注，甚至有些批评者认为它与理解小说无关，但我认为，从印度哲学中摘录的这些要素对于理解小说的主要方面至关重要。然后，印度教哲学不仅成为质疑戈什（Ghosh）的批判性工具，它质疑西方仅以一种形式的合理性为合法形式的整体观点，而且还是当前文学分析的主要理论工具。

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