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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Poultry Sciences >Production Practices, Constraints and Performance in Traditional Chicken Breeding in Chad
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Production Practices, Constraints and Performance in Traditional Chicken Breeding in Chad

机译：乍得传统鸡肉育种的生产实践，制约因素和表现

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摘要

The objective of this work was to characterize the production of chickens and technical performance of family poultry farms in the Departments of Hadjer Lamis in the Sahel zone and West Tandjilé in the Sudanian zone. The crosscutting and retrospective survey covered 16 villages and 233 farmers randomly selected. The investigated Livestock was made up of 5208 birds. Poultry farmers are mainly farmers (86.7%), with an average age of 40.7 ± 14.9 years practice poultry farming as a secondary activity. They are mostly men (71.2%), illiterate (51.5%) and especially married (91.8%). The majority of men (70.4%) reported being owners of the poultry yards. Dominant types of henhouses are huts (45.1%) and rudimentary livestock structures (35.5%). Feed distributed to poultry are mainly cereals (77.7%) served on the ground (60.9%), 2 times a day by 96.6% of poultry farmers. Drinking water is served in old utensils (47.2%), broken jars or pottery (39.1%) and wooden containers (13.7%). Medical prophylaxis is non-existent; farmers make use of traditional care in case of bird disease. Newcastle disease and predation are the main causes of mortality in chicken breeding. The size of the poultry yards is 16.8 ± 19.9 chickens for a hens / rooster sex ratio of about 2.0. The age at first egg is 5.6 ± 1.31 months. The number of broods per annum is 3.57 ± 0.92, with 11.56 ± 2.23 eggs / egg-laying. The average hatching rate is about 87% and chick survival to weaning 74%. Production is mainly destined for sale (87.6%). With 22.68 ± 11.32 individuals sold per annum at an average price of 2270 FCFA per chicken, earnings are 51.529 CFA/annum per producer. The average number of chickens consumed is 6.99 ± 7.65 heads per annum. Decisions to sell chickens are made especially by men (60.5%), but only women have ensured the sale at the markets. No significant difference was observed between the two Departments at the socio-economic level and reproductive parameters of the birds, probably due to the similarity of practices implemented.
机译：这项工作的目的是描述萨赫勒地区Hadjer Lamis部门和苏丹地区WestTandjilé部门的鸡肉生产和家庭禽场的技术性能。横断面和回顾性调查覆盖了随机选择的16个村庄和233个农民。被调查的牲畜由5208羽鸟类组成。家禽养殖者主要是农民（86.7％），平均年龄为40.7±14.9岁，其次是从事家禽养殖。他们主要是男性（71.2％），文盲（51.5％）和已婚（91.8％）。据报告，大多数男人（70.4％）是家禽场的所有人。鸡舍的主要类型是小屋（45.1％）和基本的牲畜结构（35.5％）。分发给家禽的饲料主要是谷物（77.7％），是地面上的谷物（60.9％），每天有26.6％的家禽养殖者每天食用2次。在旧器皿（47.2％），碎罐或陶器（39.1％）和木制容器（13.7％）中提供饮用水。不存在医学上的预防措施;农民在禽鸟疾病的情况下采用传统护理。新城疫和捕食是鸡种死亡的主要原因。家禽场的大小为16.8±19.9头，母鸡/公鸡的性别比约为2.0。第一个卵的年龄为5.6±1.31个月。每年的育雏数量为3.57±0.92，其中卵数为11.56±2.23。平均孵化率约为87％，雏鸡存活率可达74％。生产主要用于销售（87.6％）。每年以每只鸡2270 FCFA的平均价格售出22.68±11.32个人，每个生产者的年收益为51.529 CFA /年。每年消耗的平均鸡数量为6.99±7.65头。出售鸡肉的决定尤其是由男性决定的（60.5％），但是只有女性才能确保在市场上出售鸡肉。在两个部门之间，在鸟类的社会经济水平和生殖参数上没有观察到显着差异，这可能是由于实施的做法相似。

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