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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Soil, Sediment and Water >Soil Reclamation of Abandoned Mine Land by Revegetation: A Review
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Soil Reclamation of Abandoned Mine Land by Revegetation: A Review

机译：废弃矿区植被复垦的研究进展

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Mining of mineral resources results in extensive soil damage, altering microbial communities and affecting vegetation leading to destruction of vast amounts of land. Reclamation is the process to restore the ecological integrity of these disturbed mine land areas. It includes the management of all types of physical, chemical and biological disturbances of soils such as soil pH, fertility, microbial community and various soil nutrient cycles that makes the degraded land soil productive. Productivity of soil can be increased by adding various natural amendments such as saw dust, wood residues, sewage sludge, animal manures, as these amendments stimulate the microbial activity which provides the nutrients (N, P) and organic carbon to the soil. The top soil gets seriously damaged during mineral extraction. The consequences of physical disturbance to the top soil during stripping, stockpiling, and reinstatement cause unusually large N transformations and movements with eventually substantial loss. Management of top soil is important for reclamation plan to reduce the N losses and to increase soil nutrients and microbes. Revegetation constitutes the most widely accepted and useful way to reduce erosion and protect soils against degradation during reclamation. Mine restoration efforts have focused on N-fixing species of legumes, grasses, herbs, and trees. Metal tolerant plants can be effective for acidic and heavy metals bearing soils. Reclamation of abandoned mine land is a very complex process. Once the reclamation plan is complete and vegetation has established, the assessment of the reclaimed site is necessary to evaluate the success of reclamation. Evaluation of reclamation success focuses on measuring the occurrence and distribution of soil microflora community which is regulated by interactions between C and nutrient availabilities. Reclamation success also measures the structure and functioning of mycorrhizal symbiosis and various enzymatic activities in soil. This paper includes physical, chemical and biological mine soil properties, their management to make soil productive, top soil management, vegetation of various species and assessment of effectiveness of reclamation.
机译：矿产资源的开采导致广泛的土壤破坏，改变微生物群落并影响植被，导致大量土地遭到破坏。开垦是恢复这些受干扰的矿区的生态完整性的过程。它包括对土壤的各种类型的物理，化学和生物干扰的管理，例如土壤的pH值，肥力，微生物群落和各种土壤养分循环，这些都使退化的土地变得富有生产力。可以通过添加各种自然改良剂（例如锯末，木材残渣，污水污泥，动物粪便）来提高土壤的生产力，因为这些改良剂会刺激微生物活动，从而为土壤提供营养（N，P）和有机碳。矿物提取过程中表层土壤严重受损。在剥离，堆放和恢复原状过程中，物理扰动对表层土壤造成的后果会导致异常大的氮转化和运动，最终造成大量损失。表层土壤的管理对于开垦计划以减少氮素损失并增加土壤养分和微生物至关重要。植被恢复是减少侵蚀和保护土壤在开垦期间不退化的最广泛接受和有用的方法。矿山修复工作的重点是豆类，草，药草和树木的固氮物种。金属耐受性植物对于带酸性和重金属的土壤可能是有效的。开垦废弃矿区是一个非常复杂的过程。一旦完成了填海计划并建立了植被，就需要对填海场进行评估，以评估填海的成功与否。复垦成功的评估重点在于测量土壤微生物群落的发生和分布，其受碳和养分有效性之间的相互作用所调节。复垦成功还可以衡量菌根共生的结构和功能以及土壤中的各种酶活性。本文包括矿山的物理，化学和生物的土壤特性，土壤生产的管理，表层土壤管理，各种物种的植被以及开垦的有效性评估。

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