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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Statistics and Applications >Application and Computer Programs for a Simple Adaptive Two Dimensional Smoother: A Case Study for Cardiac Procedure and Death Rates
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Application and Computer Programs for a Simple Adaptive Two Dimensional Smoother: A Case Study for Cardiac Procedure and Death Rates

机译：一个简单的自适应二维平滑器的应用程序和计算机程序：心脏手术和死亡率的案例研究

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摘要

Age- and year- specific rates are widely used in epidemiological modelling studies. As these rates are usually unstable due to small denominators, these require smoothing in both dimensions. We demonstrated the application of a two dimensional nearest neighbour method for smoothing age- and year- specific cardiac procedure and death rates. SAS macros were provided for smoothing two rates successively, however these can be adapted to smooth more than two rates or event counts, if required. We found that for the example data sets, the order of the moving average in both year and age dimensions was three and hence a nine point weighted moving average was justified. We demonstrated that in terms of better calibration and capturing important changes in data, the proposed smoother outperformed a similar smoother assigning maximum weight to the central cell but equal weights around it. The degree of smoothing increased with increase in the assigned central cell weight. In conclusion, because of its simplicity, the proposed nearest neighbour smoother provides a convenient alternative to the existing two dimensional smoothers and is useful in situations requiring smoothing a series of rates or counts in two dimensions. A robust version of the smoother is also available from the author.
机译：在流行病学模型研究中广泛使用了特定于年龄和特定年龄的比率。由于这些比率通常由于分母较小而不稳定，因此需要在两个维度上进行平滑处理。我们证明了二维最近邻方法在平滑特定年龄和特定年龄的心脏手术和死亡率方面的应用。提供了SAS宏，用于连续平滑两个速率，但是，如果需要的话，可以调整它们以平滑两个以上的速率或事件计数。我们发现，对于示例数据集，移动平均值在年和年龄维度上的顺序均为3，因此有理由采用9点加权的移动平均值。我们证明，就更好的校准和捕获数据的重要变化而言，所建议的平滑器胜过类似的平滑器，该平滑器将最大权重分配给中央单元，但围绕其的权重相等。平滑程度随分配的中心单元重量的增加而增加。总之，由于其简单性，建议的最近邻平滑器为现有的二维平滑器提供了一种方便的替代方法，在需要平滑一系列二维速率或计数的情况下很有用。作者还可以提供更强大的平滑器版本。

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