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Illegal hunting cases detected with molecular forensics in Brazil

机译：在巴西通过分子取证发现非法狩猎案件

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Background Illegal hunting is one of the major threats to vertebrate populations in tropical regions. This unsustainable practice has serious consequences not only for the target populations, but also for the dynamics and structure of tropical ecosystems. Generally, in cases of suspected illegal hunting, the only evidence available is pieces of meat, skin or bone. In these cases, species identification can only be reliably determined using molecular technologies. Here, we reported an investigative study of three cases of suspected wildlife poaching in which molecular biology techniques were employed to identify the hunted species from remains of meat. Findings By applying cytochrome b (cyt-b) and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) molecular markers, the suspected illegal poaching was confirmed by the identification of three wild species, capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), Chaco Chachalaca (Ortalis canicollis) and Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus). In Brazil, hunting is a criminal offense, and based on this evidence, the defendants were found guilty and punished with fines; they may still be sentenced to prison for a period of 6 to 12 months. Conclusions The genetic analysis used in this investigative study was suitable to diagnose the species killed and solve these criminal investigations. Molecular forensic techniques can therefore provide an important tool that enables local law enforcement agencies to apprehend illegal poachers.
机译：背景技术非法狩猎是对热带地区脊椎动物种群的主要威胁之一。这种不可持续的做法不仅对目标人群，而且对热带生态系统的动态和结构都有严重的后果。通常，在涉嫌非法狩猎的情况下，唯一可用的证据是一块肉，皮肤或骨头。在这些情况下，只能使用分子技术可靠地确定种类。在这里，我们报道了一项针对三起疑似野生动物偷猎案件的调查研究，其中利用分子生物学技术从肉类残骸中识别出被猎杀的物种。调查结果通过应用细胞色素b（cyt-b）和细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）分子标记，通过鉴定三种野生物种，即水豚（Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris），查科查恰拉卡（Ortalis canicollis）和南美大草原鹿，证实了可疑的非法偷猎行为。 （Ozotoceros bezoarticus）。在巴西，狩猎是一种刑事犯罪，根据这一证据，被告被判有罪并处以罚款;他们可能仍会被判入狱6至12个月。结论本研究中使用的遗传分析适合诊断被杀死的物种并解决这些刑事调查。因此，分子取证技术可以提供一种重要的工具，使地方执法机构能够逮捕非法偷猎者。

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