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首页> 外文期刊>International Robotics & Automation Journal >Internet of Things (IoT) Realization in the Context of Industry 4.0 (I 4.0)
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Internet of Things (IoT) Realization in the Context of Industry 4.0 (I 4.0)

机译：工业4.0（I 4.0）背景下的物联网（IoT）实现

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At the dawn of the nineteenth century, the human civilization inaugurated a new era in production called as the Industrial Revolution. Following this line of thought, the first industrial revolution, located at the transition from the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries, was characterized by the introduction of water and steam-powered mechanical manufacturing facilities. The second industrial revolution, which happened at the transition from the nineteenth to twentieth century’s, was based on the introduction of electrically powered mass production. Then followed the third industrial revolution, started from the 1960s until the 1990s, whose main driving force was the usage of electronics and information technologies (IT) to achieve further automation of manufacturing. These three successive revolutions can be coined as Industry 1.0, Industry 2.0, and Industry 3.0, respectively, see Figure 1. Currently, we are in the fourth industrial revolution (industry 4.0), whose main characteristic is the linkage of real objects and people (things) with information-processing/virtual objects via information networks utilizing technologies such as cyber-physical systems, Internet of things, 3D printing, artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, etc.. One Important component in this context is the advanced automation technology that will lead to the introduction of methods of self-organized systems (self-optimization, self-configuration, self-diagnosis, etc.) to get the suitable linkage between the real (machines, sensors, workers) and the virtual worlds. The term “industry 4.0” appeared for the first time in 2011 during the Hannover Fair, as a project in high-tech strategy of the German Industry, and in the following year was created the German Working Group on Industry4.0, which delivered its final report in April 2013. This report defined the Industry 4.0 environment, which includes the strong customization of products under the conditions of high flexibility of mass production. The term was definitively adopted at the 2015 World Economic Forum (WEF) annual meeting held in January 2015 in Davos, Switzerland.
机译：十九世纪初，人类文明开启了一个新的生产时代，称为工业革命。按照这种思路，第一次工业革命发生在从18世纪到19世纪的过渡时期，其特征是引入了以水和蒸汽为动力的机械制造设施。第二次工业革命发生在从19世纪到20世纪的过渡时期，其基础是引入了电动批量生产。随后是第三次工业革命，从1960年代开始直到1990年代，其主要推动力是使用电子和信息技术（IT）来实现制造的进一步自动化。这三个连续的革命可以分别称为工业1.0，工业2.0和工业3.0，请参见图1。当前，我们正处于第四次工业革命（工业4.0）中，其主要特征是真实对象与人的联系（物联网）通过信息网络利用信息处理/虚拟对象，这些信息网络利用诸如网络物理系统，物联网，3D打印，人工智能（AI），云计算等技术。在这种情况下，重要的组成部分是先进的自动化这项技术将导致引入自组织系统方法（自优化，自配置，自诊断等），从而在现实世界（机器，传感器，工人）和虚拟世界之间建立适当的联系。 “工业4.0”一词作为德国工业高科技战略项目于2011年在汉诺威工业博览会上首次出现，并于次年成立了德国工业4.0工作组，该工作组完成了最终报告于2013年4月发布。该报告定义了工业4.0环境，其中包括在大规模生产的高度灵活性条件下对产品的强力定制。该术语在2015年1月于瑞士达沃斯举行的2015年世界经济论坛（WEF）年度会议上明确采用。

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