An Assessment of Gender Difference in Visual Cephalometric Analysis Applied to Class I Individuals: In Turkish Adults A Preliminary Study

Zekiye Karaca Bozdag; Ayla Kurkcuoglu; Ayca Ustdal Guney; Yener Cam; Ozkan Oguz

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An Assessment of Gender Difference in Visual Cephalometric Analysis Applied to Class I Individuals: In Turkish Adults A Preliminary Study

机译：视觉头颅分析中适用于I类个体的性别差异评估：在土耳其成年人中的初步研究

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An Assessment of Gender Difference in Visual Cephalometric Analysis Applied to Class I Individuals: In Turkish Adults A Preliminary Study Zekiye Karaca Bozdag sup1/sup, Ayla Kurkcuoglusup2/sup, Ayca Ustdal Guneysup3/sup, Yener Camsup3/sup, Ozkan Oguzsup4/sup sup1/supDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey. sup2/supDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey. sup3/supDepartment of Ortodonty, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. sup4/supDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. INTRODUCTION: Cephalometric analyzes play an important role in determining the individual's skeletal and dental structure, soft tissue and their relationship to each other. Visual cephalometric analyzes are primarily based on determining the fitness between mid-face and maxilla, then positioning the mandible relative to the midface.Thus, as in the other cephalometric analyzes, changes related to the treatment and development of the current state of the individual are determined. In the study we aimed to reveal sex-related changes of four different angles and compare them with the norm. METHODS: This study was performed on right lateral cephalometric views of 80 healthy (40 women, 40 men) Turkish individuals in Anatolia aged 21-71, with Class I skeletal (ANB=2.19±1.43). In all images, angles formed by long axis of the upper incisor and palatal plan (U1/PP); the long axis of the lower incisor and mandibular plan (A1/MP); the long axes of the lower and incisor (U1/A1); the palatal plan and mandibular plan (PP/MP) were analyzed.The participants and their families were chosen from people who are Turkish and living in Anatolia. RESULTS: The PP/MP value of women was found to be significantly higher than men?s (p0.01), while no significant difference was found between the U1/PP, A1/MP and U1/A1. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between correlations of all angular measurements in both genders (p0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result, gender should also be considered as another factor beside the knowledge of angles of U1/PP, A1/MP, U1/A1 and PP/MP in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.Our work continues by increasing the number of data.

机译：视觉头颅分析中的性别差异评估（适用于I类个体）：在土耳其成年人中，Zekiye Karaca Bozdag 1 ，Ayla Kurkcuoglu 2 ，Ayca Ustdal Guney 初步研究3 ，Yener Cam 3 ，Ozkan Oguz 4 1 伊斯坦布尔伊涅尤济尔大学医学院解剖学系，伊斯坦布尔，火鸡。土耳其安卡拉Baskent大学医学系 2 解剖学系。 3 土耳其阿达纳库库洛瓦大学牙科学院牙科学系。 4 土耳其库纳库洛娃大学医学院解剖学系，土耳其阿达纳。简介：头颅测量分析在确定个人的骨骼和牙齿结构，软组织及其相互关系中起着重要作用。视觉头颅分析主要基于确定中脸和上颌之间的适应度，然后将下颌骨相对于中脸进行定位，因此，与其他头颅分析一样，与个体当前状态的治疗和发展有关的变化是决心。在这项研究中，我们旨在揭示四个不同角度与性别相关的变化，并将其与标准进行比较。方法：本研究是对80名健康的（40名女性，40名男性）土耳其人在安纳托利亚年龄21-71岁，骨骼I级（ANB = 2.19±1.43）进行右侧头颅测量。在所有图像中，上切牙的长轴与pa平面（U1 / PP）形成的角度;下门牙和下颌平面的长轴（A1 / MP）;下门牙和门牙的长轴（U1 / A1）;分析了plan计划和下颌计划（PP / MP）。参与者及其家属是从居住在安纳托利亚的土耳其人中选出的。结果：女性的PP / MP值显着高于男性（p <0.01），而U1 / PP，A1 / MP和U1 / A1之间无显着差异。在性别上，所有角度测量值之间的相关性之间存在统计学上显着的负相关性（p <0.05）。讨论与结论：因此，在正畸诊断和治疗计划中，除了对U1 / PP，A1 / MP，U1 / A1和PP / MP的角度的了解外，性别也应被视为另一个因素。数据数量。

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《Eastern Journal of Medicine》 |2019年第1期|共7页
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Zekiye Karaca Bozdag; Ayla Kurkcuoglu; Ayca Ustdal Guney; Yener Cam; Ozkan Oguz;
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中图分类医药、卫生;
关键词
Visual Cephalometric AnalysisMaxillomandibular relationshipClass I;

机译：视觉头颅分析上颌下颌关系;

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7. Decision-making is the process of analyzing information about a problem situation and comparing it to a specific conclusion in order to solve a specific problematic (Yıkılmaz, 2001; Miller and Byrnes, 2001). Decision-making styles are a mechanism that is influenced by the internal and external conditions that determine the direction of the decisions of the individual, the content of the decision-making process, and the outcome of the decision-making process (Payne, Bettman and Johson, 1993; Bavol’ár and Orosová, 2015). ACT is a contemporary member of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy family. ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) has both similar and different directions with Behavioral Therapies and Cognitive Therapies (Herbet and Forman, 2011; Hayes, 2004). KKT responds to classical behavioral treatments using both existential and cognitive approaches in the analysis of behavior. KKT is a science wing that tries to solve human problems with a wider perspective aimed at solving problematic human behaviors (Plumb, Stewart, Dahl and Lundgren, 2009). It is seen that there is very little research about the new approach of ACT approach when the aiming country of our country is screened and it is thought that our country will contribute to the field of psychological counseling with the work done. In the scope of the research, experimental and control groups and preliminary test, post-test and follow-up measurements of 2x3 experimental design were used. The study's study group consists of a total of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control groups) university students studying in different departments and levels, continuing their education in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Ağrı province and İbrahim Chechen University in 2015-2016 academic year. The average age of participants in the experiment and control group is 20. There were 12 participants in the experimental group, 7 female and 5 male, and 12 participants, 7 female and 5 male in the control group. Personal Information Form and Decision Making Style Scale prepared by the researcher were used in the research. In order to decide on the tests to be used in the course of analyzing the data, the scores of the participant's Decision Styles Scale pre-test, which are placed primarily in the experimental and control groups, it was analyzed whether the basic expectations of parametric tests were answered. As a result of the analysis made, the scores, skewness and kurtosis coefficients obtained from the Decision Making Styles Scale were given to the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the distribution was normal in the result of Shapiro-Wilk test, in which the skewness and kurtosis coefficients of each sub-scale were ranked between -1 and +1. 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机译：决策是分析有关问题情况的信息并将其与特定结论进行比较的过程，以解决特定的问题（Yıkılmaz，2001; Miller和Byrnes，2001）。决策风格是一种机制，受到内部和外部条件的影响，确定个人决定的方向，决策过程的内容以及决策过程的结果（PAYNE，BETTMAN和BEDNE） Johson，1993;Bavol'ár和奥萨洛瓦，2015）。法案是认知行为治疗家庭的当代成员。行为（验收和承诺治疗）具有与行为疗法和认知疗法的类似和不同方向（Herbet和Forman，2011; Hayes，2004）。 KKT在分析行为中使用存在性和认知方法来响应古典行为治疗方法。 KKT是一个科学翼，试图解决人类问题，旨在解决有问题的人类行为（铅垂，斯图尔特，Dahl和Lundgren，2009）。有人认为，当我们国家的瞄准国家进行筛选时，有关行动方法的新方法几乎没有研究，并且认为我们的国家将为完成工作做出贡献的心理咨询领域。在研究的范围内，使用实验和对照组和初步测试，使用后测试和后续测量的2x3实验设计。该研究的研究小组包括共24名（12个实验和12个对照组）大学学生在不同的部门和水平上学习，在2015-2016学术上继续进行2015-2016的学术年度2015-2016学年年。实验和对照组参与者的平均年龄是20.实验组中有12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性，12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性。研究人员准备的个人信息表格和决策制定风格规模在研究中使用。为了决定在分析数据的过程中使用的测试，参与者的决策风格刻度预测的分数主要在实验和对照组中进行，分析了参数的基本期望吗？测试得到了回答。由于对实验和对照组给出了从决策曲调标度获得的分数，偏移和峰度分子系数。确定该分布是正常的在成熟的-WILK试验结果中，其中每亚级的偏差和刚度系数在-1到+1之间排名。实验和对照组的参与者;决策式预测测量的同质性测试结果表明数据是均匀的。根据毛毛环保试验的结果，已确定工作支持假设。据确定，从依赖决策风格的实验和对照组获得的预测分数之间没有显着差异，但测试组在测试后的分数内显示出较低的平均分数和后续的分数 - 测试。因此，可以说，应用于实验组的面向活动的心理教育程序减少了决策风格子维度的依赖决策风格分数，并且心理教育程序具有持久的效果。据确定，从实验和对照组自发决策风格获得的预测试，测试后和后续评分之间没有显着差异。因此，可以说这种情况不会导致从应用于实验组的活动导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数的自发决策风格分数显着差异。行为的心理教育计划在个人直观的决策风格下降，但这种减少并没有产生显着的差异。因此，可以说，这种情况不会在从应用于实验组的KKT导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数中产生有意义的决策风格分数。从实验和对照组的理性决策风格获得的预测分数显示后检验后和随访评分之间存在差异，但这种差异并不重要。由于分析，确定测试组的理性决策风格较高，而不是后测试和后续分数的预测分数，而对照组合理决策风格的后测试和后续测试分数显示出与预测试分数相比的减少。预测分数。决策款式扩展避免决策由于分析了预测试，测试后和后续措施的班次评分的平均分数，发现群体效应是微不足道的。确定实验和对照组从避免决策风格获得的预测评分中显着不同，但在测试后和后续测试的分数内没有显示出任何重大变化。

An Assessment of Gender Difference in Visual Cephalometric Analysis Applied to Class I Individuals: In Turkish Adults A Preliminary Study

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