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首页> 外文期刊>Ecology and Evolution >Benefits and costs of ecological restoration: Rapid assessment of changing ecosystem service values at a U.K. wetland
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Benefits and costs of ecological restoration: Rapid assessment of changing ecosystem service values at a U.K. wetland

机译：生态恢复的收益和成本：快速评估英国湿地生态系统服务价值的变化

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AbstractRestoration of degraded land is recognized by the international community as an important way of enhancing both biodiversity and ecosystem services, but more information is needed about its costs and benefits. In Cambridgeshire, U.K., a long-term initiative to convert drained, intensively farmed arable land to a wetland habitat mosaic is driven by a desire both to prevent biodiversity loss from the nationally important Wicken Fen National Nature Reserve (Wicken Fen NNR) and to increase the provision of ecosystem services. We evaluated the changes in ecosystem service delivery resulting from this land conversion, using a new Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Site-based Assessment (TESSA) to estimate biophysical and monetary values of ecosystem services provided by the restored wetland mosaic compared with the former arable land. Overall results suggest that restoration is associated with a net gain to society as a whole of $199 ha−1y−1, for a one-off investment in restoration of $2320 ha−1. Restoration has led to an estimated loss of arable production of $2040 ha−1y−1, but estimated gains of $671 ha−1y−1 in nature-based recreation, $120 ha−1y−1 from grazing, $48 ha−1y−1 from flood protection, and a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worth an estimated $72 ha−1y−1. Management costs have also declined by an estimated $1325 ha−1y−1. Despite uncertainties associated with all measured values and the conservative assumptions used, we conclude that there was a substantial gain to society as a whole from this land-use conversion. The beneficiaries also changed from local arable farmers under arable production to graziers, countryside users from towns and villages, and the global community, under restoration. We emphasize that the values reported here are not necessarily transferable to other sites.
机译：摘要退化土地的恢复被国际社会视为增强生物多样性和生态系统服务的重要途径，但还需要更多有关其成本和收益的信息。在英国剑桥郡，一项长期计划将排水，集约化耕作的耕地转变为湿地栖息地马赛克，这是出于既要防止国家重要的维肯芬国家自然保护区（Wicken Fen NNR）丧失生物多样性，又要增加提供生态系统服务。我们使用这种新的生态系统服务基于地点的评估工具包（TESSA），评估了因土地转换而产生的生态系统服务交付的变化，以估算与以前的耕地相比，恢复的湿地镶嵌提供的生态系统服务的生物物理和货币价值。总体结果表明，修复与整个社会的净收益相关，为199美元/公顷 −1 y −1 ，其中一笔用于修复的一次性投资为2320美元/公顷 -1 。恢复导致估计的耕地生产损失$ 2040 ha -1 y -1 ，但估计收益为$ 671公顷 -1 y < sup> −1 在基于自然的休闲活动中，从放牧中获得$ 120公顷 −1 y −1 ，$ 48公顷 -1 y -1 来自防洪，并减少了温室气体（GHG）排放，价值估计为$ 72 ha（sup> -1 y -1 。管理成本估计也减少了$ 1325，ha -1 y -1 。尽管所有测量值和使用的保守假设都存在不确定性，但我们得出的结论是，这种土地利用转换给整个社会带来了可观的收益。受益者也从正在耕种的当地可耕种农民转变为正在吃草的放牧者，城镇和乡村的农村使用者以及正在恢复的全球社区。我们强调，此处报告的值不一定可以转移到其他站点。

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