...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Ecosphere >A suite of prey traits determine predator and nutrient enrichment effects in a tri‐trophic food chain
【24h】

A suite of prey traits determine predator and nutrient enrichment effects in a tri‐trophic food chain

机译：一系列猎物性状决定了三营养食物链中的捕食和营养富集作用

获取原文
   

获取外文期刊封面封底 >>

       
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Predation, predation risk, and resource quality affect suites of prey traits that collectively impact individual fitness, population dynamics, and community structure. However, studies of multi‐trophic level effects generally focus on a single prey trait, failing to capture trade‐offs among suites of covarying traits that govern population responses and emergent community patterns. We used structural equation models (SEM) to summarize the non‐lethal and lethal effects of crayfish, Procambarus fallax , and phosphorus (P) addition, which affected prey food quality (periphyton), on the interactive effects of behavioral, morphological, developmental, and reproductive traits of snails, Planorbella duryi . Univariate and multivariate analyses suggested trade‐offs between production (growth, reproduction) and defense (foraging behavior, shell shape) traits of snails in response to non‐lethal crayfish and P addition, but few lethal effects. SEM revealed that non‐lethal crayfish effects indirectly limited per capita offspring standing stock by increasing refuge use, slowing individual growth, and inducing snails to produce thicker, compressed shells. The negative effects of non‐lethal crayfish on snails were strongest with P addition; snails increased allocation to shell defense rather than growth or reproduction. However, compared to ambient conditions, P addition with non‐lethal crayfish still yielded greater per capita offspring standing stock by speeding individual snail growth enabling them to produce more offspring that also grew faster. Increased refuge use in response to non‐lethal crayfish led to a non‐lethal trophic cascade that altered the spatial distribution of periphyton. Independent of crayfish effects, snails stimulated periphyton growth through nutrient regeneration. These findings illustrate the importance of studying suites of traits that reveal costs associated with inducing different traits and how expressing those traits impacts population and community level processes.
机译：捕食，捕食风险和资源质量会影响一系列猎物特征，这些特征共同影响着个体的适应能力，种群动态和社区结构。但是，对多营养水平影响的研究通常只关注单个猎物特征，而无法捕捉控制人口反应和新出现的社区格局的一系列共变特征之间的取舍。我们使用结构方程模型（SEM）总结了小龙虾，Procambarus fallax和添加磷（P）的非致死性和致命性对行为，形态学的交互影响蜗牛的生长，发育和生殖特性。单变量和多变量分析表明，对非致死性小龙虾和磷的添加，蜗牛的生产（生长，繁殖）和防御（觅食行为，壳形）性状之间需要进行权衡，但几乎没有致死作用。扫描电镜显示，非致命性小龙虾的影响通过增加避难所的使用，减慢个体的生长并诱导蜗牛产生较厚的压缩壳而间接地限制了人均后代的种群。添加P时，非致死性小龙虾对蜗牛的负面影响最明显。蜗牛增加了对贝壳防御的分配，而不是增长或繁殖。但是，与环境条件相比，通过添加非致死性小龙虾，磷的生长速度仍然更快，从而增加了人均后代站立种群的数量，从而使它们能够繁殖出更多的后代。对非致死性小龙虾的避难所使用增加，导致非致死性营养级联反应改变了附生植物的空间分布。不受小龙虾影响的影响，蜗牛通过营养再生刺激了附生植物的生长。这些发现说明了研究一系列特征的重要性，这些特征揭示了与诱导不同特征相关的成本，以及表达这些特征如何影响人口和社区层面的过程。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号