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Short‐term resistance of ecosystem properties and processes to simulated mountain pine beetle attack in a novel region

机译：生态系统特性和过程对新型区域内模拟山松甲虫攻击的短期抵抗力

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Natural forest disturbance regimes are changing, as evidenced by expansion of the mountain pine beetle (MPB) north and east from British Columbia into pine forests east of the Canadian Rockies. Thus, research that examines potential impacts of shifting disturbance regimes on ecosystem properties and processes in these forests is needed. We examined short‐term effects (up to one year after treatment) of three treatments that emulated MPB attack and associated forest management disturbance (i.e., moderate and high intensity simulated MPB attack, salvage harvest) on above‐ and below‐ground properties and processes of mature lodgepole pine forests in MPB's recently expanded range east of the Rockies. While the salvage logging treatment showed dramatic effects on the understory plant community and downed woody material with several less dramatic below‐ground responses, there were no effects of the moderate MPB attack, and only limited below‐ground responses to the high intensity attack. The salvage logged stands showed decreases in species richness and understory plant cover, increases in small downed wood, litter cover, forest floor pH, and plant available Ca, Mg, and P, and differences in multiple microbial properties compared with the other treatments. The high intensity simulated MPB attack showed increased respiration rates of several carbon substrates compared with the salvage treatment. There was considerable variation among years for many below‐ground variables (e.g., multiple soil nutrients, microbial respiration rates and phospholipid fatty acids), and these were unrelated to treatments. For the majority of below‐ground response variables, differences among study years rather than differences due to the MPB treatments suggest that inter‐annual variability exerts a stronger influence than does disturbance effects of MPB red attack. The lack of potential response to MPB attack in the short‐term suggests these forests are resistant to change early after attack, and/or have high ecological inertia. In contrast, salvage logging had immediate and dramatic effects. We don't yet know how these pine forests will develop under this modified disturbance regime of partial canopy disturbance, but it appears likely that salvage logging will push these stands in a potentially very different direction than the modified natural disturbance regime due to MPB will.
机译：天然森林扰动制度正在发生变化，例如，不列颠哥伦比亚省北部和东部的山松甲虫（MPB）向加拿大落基山脉以东的松林扩展。因此，需要进行研究以调查扰动制度的变化对这些森林的生态系统特性和过程的潜在影响。我们研究了三种模拟MPB攻击和相关森林管理干扰（即中度和高强度模拟MPB攻击，打捞收获）的短期处理（对处理后长达一年）对地上和地下特性和过程的短期影响MPB最近在落基山脉以东扩展的山脉中，形成了许多成熟的寄宿松林。尽管打捞伐木处理对下层植物群落产生了显着影响，而倒下的木质材料对地下的反应却不那么明显，但中等强度的MPB攻击没有影响，而对高强度的攻击只有有限的地下反应。与其他处理相比，打捞后的伐木林显示物种丰富度和林下植物覆盖率下降，小面积砍伐的木材，凋落物覆盖率，林地pH值和植物有效Ca，Mg和P的增加，以及多种微生物特性的差异。与打捞处理相比，高强度模拟MPB攻击显示几种碳基质的呼吸速率增加。多年来，许多地下变量（例如多种土壤养分，微生物呼吸速率和磷脂脂肪酸）之间存在相当大的差异，而这些与治疗无关。对于大多数地下响应变量，研究年份之间的差异，而不是由于MPB处理引起的差异，表明年际差异比MPB红色攻击的干扰效应具有更强的影响。短期内缺乏对MPB袭击的潜在反应，表明这些森林在遭受袭击后的早期很难抵抗变化，并且/或者具有很高的生态惰性。相反，打捞伐木具有立竿见影的效果。我们尚不知道在这种改进的局部冠层扰动干扰机制下，这些松树林将如何发展，但是由于MPB的影响，抢救性伐木可能将这些林分推向与修改后的自然扰动机制不同的方向。

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