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The importance of species phylogenetic relationships and species traits for the intensity of plant‐soil feedback

机译：物种系统发育关系和物种性状对植物-土壤反馈强度的重要性

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Plant‐soil feedback (PSF) represents an important process affecting natural plant communities. While many previous studies demonstrated the variation in the intensity of PSF between species, the mechanisms driving these differences are still largely unexplored. The aim of the study was to explore the importance of species traits and species phylogenetic relationships on the intensity of plant‐soil feedback. To do this we used a classical design to test plant soil feedback, i.e., a two‐phase experiment consisting of conditioning and cultivation phase. In the conditioning phase, we used 30 different species from the Carduoidea subfamily of Asteraceae and conditioned soil by each of these species separately. In the cultivation phase, we observed growth of four of these species in all the soils. We predict that the intensity of PSF will be more intense between plants which are more closely related than between unrelated species. As an alternative, we explore the possibility that the intensity of PFS will be a function of plant traits related to nutrient acquisition by the plant. The intensity of feedback was significantly dependent on phylogeny in several cases indicating that more closely related species show more similar feedback effects. The feedback response was also affected by the chemical composition of the cultivated soil. In addition, the intensity of feedback was affected by height of the cultivating species and its ability to accumulate nitrogen and phosphorus in their leaves. While in most of these cases there is an indication that plants grow better in soils cultivated by smaller species accumulating less nutrients, in some cases the pattern in opposite. The direction and intensity of plant‐soil feedback also strongly differed between life stages with seedling number commonly showing a response which was opposite to the response of the adults. Synthesis : The results supported our expectation that plant‐soil feedback may be affected by species phylogenetic relationships. In addition, we have shown that also plant traits and the effect of the conditioning plant on soil chemistry may be useful factors allowing us to predict the intensity of plant‐soil feedback in the system.
机译：植物土壤反馈（PSF）代表了影响天然植物群落的重要过程。尽管许多先前的研究表明了物种之间PSF强度的变化，但驱动这些差异的机制仍在很大程度上尚未探索。这项研究的目的是探索物种特征和物种系统关系对植物-土壤反馈强度的重要性。为此，我们使用经典设计来测试植物的土壤反馈，即由调节和栽培阶段组成的两阶段实验。在调理阶段，我们分别使用了菊科小果亚科的30个不同物种，并分别用这些物种调理了土壤。在耕种阶段，我们在所有土壤中观察到其中四个物种的生长。我们预测，亲缘关系较近的物种之间植物之间的PSF强度将更高。作为替代方案，我们探讨了PFS强度是否与植物吸收养分有关的植物性状有关的可能性。在某些情况下，反馈的强度显着取决于系统发育，表明密切相关的物种显示出更相似的反馈效果。反馈响应还受耕地土壤化学成分的影响。此外，反馈的强度还受培养物种的高度及其在叶片中积累氮和磷的能力的影响。尽管在大多数情况下有迹象表明，植物在由较小物种积累的养分较少的土壤中生长得更好，但在某些情况下则相反。在生命的各个阶段，植物-土壤反馈的方向和强度也存在很大差异，幼苗数量通常显示出与成虫的响应相反的响应。合成：结果支持我们的期望，即植物土壤反馈可能受物种系统发生关系的影响。此外，我们已经表明，植物性状和调节植物对土壤化学的影响也可能是有用的因素，使我们能够预测系统中植物-土壤反馈的强度。

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