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The multigenerational effects of water contamination and endocrine disrupting chemicals on the fitness of Drosophila melanogaster

机译：水污染和内分泌干扰物对果蝇适应性的多代影响

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Abstract Water pollution due to human activities produces sedimentation, excessive nutrients, and toxic chemicals, and this, in turn, has an effect on the normal endocrine functioning of living beings. Overall, water pollution may affect some components of the fitness of organisms (e.g., developmental time and fertility). Some toxic compounds found in polluted waters are known as endocrine disruptors (ED), and among these are nonhalogenated phenolic chemicals such as bisphenol A and nonylphenol. To evaluate the effect of nonhalogenated phenolic chemicals on the endocrine system, we subjected two generations (F0 and F1) of Drosophila melanogaster to different concentrations of ED. Specifically, treatments involved wastewater, which had the highest level of ED (bisphenol A and nonylphenol) and treated wastewater from a constructed Heliconia psittacorum wetland with horizontal subsurface water flow (He); the treated wastewater was the treatment with the lowest level of ED. We evaluated the development time from egg to pupa and from pupa to adult as well as fertility. The results show that for individuals exposed to treated wastewater, the developmental time from egg to pupae was shorter in individuals of the F1 generation than in the F0 generation. Additionally, the time from pupae to adult was longer for flies growing in the H. psittacorum treated wastewater. Furthermore, fertility was lower in the F1 generation than in the F0 generation. Although different concentrations of bisphenol A and nonylphenol had no significant effect on the components of fitness of D. melanogaster (developmental time and fertility), there was a trend across generations, likely as a result of selection imposed on the flies. It is possible that the flies developed different strategies to avoid the effects of the various environmental stressors.
机译：摘要人类活动造成的水污染会产生沉淀，过多的养分和有毒化学物质，进而对生物的正常内分泌功能产生影响。总体而言，水污染可能会影响有机体适应性的某些组成部分（例如发育时间和繁殖力）。在污水中发现的一些有毒化合物被称为内分泌干扰物（ED），其中包括非卤化酚类化学物质，例如双酚A和壬基酚。为了评估非卤代酚类化合物对内分泌系统的影响，我们对果蝇的两代（F0和F1）进行了不同浓度的ED处理。具体而言，处理涉及ED含量最高的废水（双酚A和壬基酚），以及来自地下水平水流（He）的人工Heliconia psittacorum湿地的处理后废水;处理后的废水是ED含量最低的处理。我们评估了从卵到，从到成虫的发育时间以及生育能力。结果表明，对于暴露于经过处理的废水的个体，F1代个体从卵到p的发育时间要短于F0代。此外，在经鹦鹉热杆菌处理的废水中，果蝇从p到成年的时间更长。此外，F1代的生育力低于F0代。尽管不同浓度的双酚A和壬基酚对黑腹果蝇（D. melanogaster）的适应性成分（发育时间和生育力）没有显着影响，但各代之间都有趋势，这可能是由于对苍蝇的选择。苍蝇可能制定了不同的策略来避免各种环境压力因素的影响。

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