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A trait‐based ecology of the Los Angeles urban forest

机译：洛杉矶城市森林的基于特征的生态

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摘要

Plant functional trait classifications have provided a useful framework for understanding the biodiversity of natural ecosystems. Here we propose that trait‐based ecology may be expanded for understanding urban biodiversity in human planted and human dominated land cover by including plant attributes that influence human choices about cultivated species in novel ecosystems. We measured leaf functional traits in 24 tree species grown in the Los Angeles region of southern California in order to assess whether leaf functional traits were (1) predictable based on biogeographic region of origin, and (2) related to urban plant performance and ecosystem‐services based traits. This entailed the development of a proposed new, ecosystem services‐based classification of tree species traits is based on ～1000 household surveys of the preferences of urban residents for specific tree attributes in southern California. We evaluated the relationship between leaf functional traits, ecosystem services‐based traits, and urban tree performance as measured by stem growth and predawn leaf water potential (as a metric of rooting distributions). Leaf functional traits were strongly predictable based on species' biogeographic region of origin including native habitat type and continent of origin, and hence appeared to be conserved in the urban environment. Ecosystem services‐based traits such as tree water use, provision of showy flowers, size at maturity, and growth rates were also predictable based on geographic region of origin, and several ecosystem services‐based traits were related to leaf functional traits. We suggest that ecosystem services‐based traits may be useful variables to quantify in studies of urban forest community assembly, where species composition is strongly influenced by decision‐making based on the preferences of urban residents and stakeholders. Our initial ecosystem services‐based trait classification is defined from the results of household surveys and measurements in the Los Angeles area; these results are likely to vary by location, and can be improved with additional data on the performance, physiology, and morphology of urban trees as well as a better understanding of human preferences by region.
机译：植物功能性状分类为理解自然生态系统的生物多样性提供了有用的框架。在这里，我们建议可以扩展基于特征的生态系统，以便通过包括影响人类对新型生态系统中栽培物种的选择的植物属性来理解人类种植和人类主导的土地覆盖中的城市生物多样性。我们评估了在加利福尼亚南部洛杉矶地区生长的24种树种的叶片功能性状，以评估叶片功能性状是否（1）基于生物地理起源区域可预测，以及（2）与城市植物性能和生态系统有关-基于服务的特征。因此，需要对生态系统服务进行新的，基于树种特征分类的拟议分类，该分类基于对加利福尼亚南部城市居民对特定树木属性的偏好的约1000项家庭调查。我们评估了叶片功能性状，基于生态系统服务的性状与城市树木生长性能之间的关系，该关系通过茎的生长和黎明前的叶片水势（作为生根分布的度量）进行了测量。根据物种的生物地理起源区域（包括自然栖息地类型和起源大陆），可以强烈预测叶片的功能性状，因此在城市环境中似乎是保守的。基于生态系统服务的性状，例如树木的用水，提供艳丽的花朵，成熟时的大小和生长率，也可以根据原产地域来预测，并且一些基于生态系统服务的性状与叶片功能性状有关。我们建议，基于生态系统服务的特征可能是有用的变量，可用于对城市森林社区组装研究进行量化，在该研究中，物种组成受城市居民和利益相关者偏好的决策影响很大。我们最初的基于生态系统服务的特征分类是根据洛杉矶地区的家庭调查和测量结果确定的;这些结果可能会因位置而异，并且可以通过有关城市树木的性能，生理学和形态学的其他数据，以及对各地区人的偏好的更好理解而得到改善。

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