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首页> 外文期刊>Ecosphere >No‐net‐loss not met for nutrient function in freshwater marshes: recommendations for wetland mitigation policies
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No‐net‐loss not met for nutrient function in freshwater marshes: recommendations for wetland mitigation policies

机译：淡水沼泽中的养分功能未达到净损失：湿地缓解政策建议

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Wetlands provide many important services throughout the world, with an estimated economic value that, in comparison to other ecosystems, far exceeds their relatively small global extent. In recognition of their importance, both national and international regulations exist to protect the world's remaining wetlands. Of growing interest is the “no‐net‐loss” policy which permits unavoidable destruction of wetlands if compensated by restoration of degraded wetlands or creation of new wetlands. The fundamental assumption of no‐net‐loss is that wetlands can be created which function equivalently to natural wetlands. One integral function that wetlands perform is cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Here we demonstrate that loss of this nutrient‐related function is not being mitigated by creation or restoration of wetlands. We compare indicators of plant‐ and microbial‐mediated functions, as well as abiotic (e.g., soil character, hydrology) and biotic (e.g., plant community composition) structure, between 10 created or restored and 5 natural freshwater depressional wetlands in central Ohio, USA. Nutrient stocks were generally smaller and transformations slower in created wetlands than in natural wetlands, with little development over time. Of particular concern were differences in C‐ and N‐related function. Created wetlands stored 90% less C within litter and 80% less C within soil and processed 60% less N through denitrification, on average compared to natural wetlands. Our study suggests that subversion of natural wetlands into restored or created wetlands could have large‐scale environmental consequences such as reduced capacity for nitrate removal and C sequestration.
机译：湿地在全球范围内提供许多重要服务，其经济价值与其他生态系统相比估计远远超过其相对较小的全球范围。认识到它们的重要性，国家和国际法规都存在以保护世界上其余的湿地。日益引起人们关注的是“无净损失”政策，该政策允许通过恢复退化的湿地或创建新的湿地来补偿不可避免的湿地破坏。无净损失的基本假设是可以创建与自然湿地具有同等功能的湿地。湿地执行的一项不可或缺的功能是碳，氮和磷的循环。在这里，我们证明了通过建立或恢复湿地并不能减轻与营养有关的功能的丧失。我们在俄亥俄州中部建立或恢复的10个天然淡水湿地和5个天然淡水湿地之间，比较了植物和微生物介导的功能指标以及非生物（例如土壤特性，水文学）和生物（例如植物群落组成）结构的指标，美国。与自然湿地相比，人工湿地的养分总量通常较小，转化速度较慢，并且随着时间的推移几乎没有发展。特别值得关注的是C和N相关功能的差异。与自然湿地相比，平均而言，人工湿地中凋落物中的碳减少了90％，土壤中的碳减少了80％，通过反硝化处理的氮减少了60％。我们的研究表明，将自然湿地转变为恢复的湿地或人工湿地可能会产生大规模的环境后果，例如减少硝酸盐去除和固碳的能力。

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