Abandonment of timber harvesting favours European beech over silver fir: evidence from Val Tovanella Nature Reserve in the southern Dolomites (Northern Italy)
Historical data from forest management plans have the potential to shed light on changes driven by either the application or the abandonment of forestry practices. This information coupled with recent data allows temporal comparisons to be made between surveys at the same location. Here we present the temporal comparison of two forest compartments located in Val Tovanella (Oriented Nature Reserve [Riserva Naturale Orientata] and Site of Community Importance) in the south-eastern Italian Alps for which full callipering was available for two years (1957 and 2010), the first of which came from a management plan by the renowned forest ecologist Lucio Susmel (1914–2006). Both compartments currently host mixed silver fir, Norway spruce and beech stands, and have not been managed since 1948; but one was historically a high forest, whereas the other was an open wooded pasture. We aimed to reconstruct the changes in volume, number of stems and diameter classes for the two compartments by comparing species proportions and their changes over time. In both compartments, species composition changed. In general, a decrease in compositional importance of silver fir and an increase in beech were observed. Furthermore, in one compartment, Norway spruce showed a large increase. Volumetric changes confirmed such trends and highlighted a shift towards larger diameter classes. We conclude that the abandonment of traditional forest activities and, in particular, the avoidance of tending and coppicing activities are major factors favouring beech at the expense of silver fir in the study area. Traditional planning and inventory methods can help to understand long-term changes in forest structure and the effects of forestry in light of current scenarios of land-use and climate change in protected areas.
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机译：森林管理计划中的历史数据有可能揭示由应用或放弃林业实践所驱动的变化。该信息与最新数据相结合，可以在同一位置的调查之间进行时间比较。在这里，我们介绍了位于意大利东南部阿尔卑斯山的Val Tovanella（定向自然保护区[Riserva Naturale Orientata]和社区重要性站点）的两个林区的时间比较，这两个林区可以进行完全卡培林工作两年（1957和2010） ，第一个来自著名的森林生态学家Lucio Susmel（1914–2006）的管理计划。这两个舱室目前都装有混合冷杉，挪威云杉和山毛榉林，自1948年以来就没有进行过管理。但历史上一个是高高的森林，另一个是开阔的林地牧场。我们旨在通过比较物种比例及其随时间的变化来重构两个隔室的体积，茎数和直径类别的变化。在两个隔室中，物种组成均发生变化。通常，观察到银冷杉的成分重要性降低和山毛榉的升高。此外，挪威云杉在一个隔室中显示出大幅增加。体积变化证实了这种趋势，并强调了向更大直径等级的转变。我们得出的结论是，放弃传统的森林活动，尤其是避免进行抚育和交配活动，是在研究区内青睐山毛榉而牺牲银杉的主要因素。根据当前保护区土地利用和气候变化的当前情景，传统的规划和清单方法可以帮助了解森林结构的长期变化和林业的影响。
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机译：2009年6月;eco.mont杂志首次出版了山区保护与研究管理。该杂志是由保护区国际研究科学委员会（Alpine Network of Protected Areas;ALPARC）联合发起的。阿尔卑斯山（ISCAR）;奥地利科学院（？AW）和因斯布鲁克大学。该杂志旨在重点介绍阿尔卑斯山保护区的研究和管理问题;而不排除欧洲或海外的其他保护山区。它的目标受众是来自保护区所有相关学科的科学家以及包括从业者;监督者;教师等在内的感兴趣的个人。该期刊以英文发表由同行评审的文章;这些作者研究保护山区和这些地区的管理问题。它是与奥地利科学院新闻负责电子版和因斯布鲁克大学新闻负责印刷版的合作每年出版两次。;
