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Climatological variations of total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon in the Mediterranean Sea surface waters

机译：地中海海表水总碱度和总溶解无机碳的气候变化

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A compilation of data from several cruises between 1998 and 2013 was used to derivepolynomial fits that estimate total alkalinity (AT) and totaldissolved inorganic carbon (CT) from measurements of salinity andtemperature in the Mediterranean Sea surface waters. The optimal equationswere chosen based on the 10-fold cross-validation results and revealed thatsecond- and third-order polynomials fit the AT and CTdata respectively. The AT surface fit yielded a root mean squareerror (RMSE) of ± 10.6 μmol kg?1, and salinity andtemperature contribute to 96 % of the variability. Furthermore, we presentthe first annual mean CT parameterization for the MediterraneanSea surface waters with a RMSE of ± 14.3 μmol kg?1.Excluding the marginal seas of the Adriatic and the Aegean, these equationscan be used to estimate AT and CT in case of the lackof measurements. The identified empirical equations were applied on the0.25° climatologies of temperature and salinity, available from theWorld Ocean Atlas 2013. The 7-year averages (2005–2012) showed thatAT and CT have similar patterns with an increasingeastward gradient. The variability is influenced by the inflow of coldAtlantic waters through the Strait of Gibraltar and by the oligotrophic andthermohaline gradient that characterize the Mediterranean Sea. Thesummer–winter seasonality was also mapped and showed different patterns forAT and CT. During the winter, the AT andCT concentrations were higher in the western than in the easternbasin. The opposite was observed in the summer where the eastern basin wasmarked by higher AT and CT concentrations than inwinter. The strong evaporation that takes place in this season along with theultra-oligotrophy of the eastern basin determines the increase of bothAT and CT concentrations.
机译：使用1998年至2013年间几次航行的数据汇编得出多项式拟合，以从盐度测量值估算总碱度（A T ）和总溶解无机碳（C T ）地中海地表水的温度和温度。根据十折交叉验证的结果选择了最佳方程，结果表明二阶和三阶多项式分别适合于A T 和C T 数据。 A T 表面拟合产生的均方根误差（RMSE）为±10.6μmolkg ？1 ，盐度和温度贡献了96％的变异性。此外，我们介绍了地中海海表水的第一年平均C T 参数化，RMSE为±14.3μmolkg ？1 。不包括亚得里亚海和爱琴海的边缘海。 ，在缺少测量值的情况下，这些方程可用于估计A T 和C T 。所确定的经验方程式适用于温度和盐度为0.25°的气候，可从《 2013年世界海洋图集》获得。7年平均值（2005-2012年）显示，A T 和C T 具有相似的模式，且向东倾斜度增加。变异性受冷的大西洋水通过直布罗陀海峡的流入以及受地中海特有的贫营养和热盐梯度的影响。还绘制了夏季和冬季的季节性图，并显示了A T 和C T 的不同模式。在冬季，西部的A T 和C T 浓度高于东部的盆地。夏季相反，东部盆地的A T 和C T 浓度要高于冬季。这个季节发生的强烈蒸发以及东部盆地的超寡聚决定了A T 和C T 浓度的增加。

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