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Persistence of hotspots and variability of seabird species richness and abundance in the southern California Current

机译：加利福尼亚南部流域的热点持续存在和海鸟物种丰富度和丰度变化

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Aggregations of seabirds at sea may provide information on centers of enhanced trophic interactions and concentrating mechanisms, however, to date most studies lack quantification of persistence, a key hotspot characteristic. Persistence statistics may reduce uncertainty about seabird habitat use, improve understanding of the spatio‐temporal scales of pelagic food web dynamics, and inform conservation planning. Using 26 years (1987–2012, 47 surveys) of shipboard surveys from a 300K km~(2) study area within the southern California Current Ecosystem, we conduct a spatial assessment of the inter‐annual and seasonal dynamics of the persistence of seabird hotspots and identify recurring sites of elevated seabird species richness and abundance. Previous studies document declines in abundance, but were based on broad spatial standardizations to assess where declines may have occurred. Here, we refine the hypothesis that seabird populations have declined off southern California by focusing on persistently used habitats in nearshore or offshore domains. We demonstrate that spatio‐temporal variability of seabird distribution and abundance is characterized by anomalous events embedded within trends. In addition to identifying the locations of persistence of seabird aggregations, we found significant declines in species richness and the density of sooty shearwater ( Puffinus griseus ) and Leach's storm petrel ( Oceanodroma leucorhoa ); in contrast, black‐footed albatross ( Phoebastria nigripes ) abundance appear to be increasing. This assessment provides a spatially‐explicit framework for future evaluations of biophysical drivers of seabird hotspots and their associations and impacts on forage fish and zooplankton populations.
机译：海上海鸟的聚集可能提供有关增强的营养相互作用和集中机制的中心的信息，但是，迄今为止，大多数研究仍缺乏对持久性（关键热点特征）的量化。持久性统计数据可能会减少海鸟栖息地使用的不确定性，增进对中上层食物网动态时空尺度的了解，并为保护规划提供依据。我们使用了来自加利福尼亚南部当前生态系统内300,000 km〜（2）研究区域的26年（1987-2012年，47次调查）的船上调查，我们对海鸟热点持续存在的年际和季节动态进行了空间评估并确定海鸟物种丰富度和丰度升高的重复发生地点。先前的研究记录了数量的下降，但是基于广泛的空间标准化来评估可能发生下降的地方。在这里，我们通过集中研究近岸或近海域中持续使用的栖息地来完善海鸟种群从加利福尼亚南部下降的假设。我们证明了海鸟分布和丰度的时空变化特征是趋势中嵌入了异常事件。除了确定持续存在的海鸟聚集的位置外，我们还发现物种丰富度以及煤烟切水（Puffinus griseus）和利奇氏风暴海燕（Oceododoma leucorhoa）的密度显着下降。相反，黑脚信天翁（Phoebastria nigripes）的丰度似乎正在增加。该评估为未来评估海鸟热点的生物物理驱动器及其关联以及对觅食鱼和浮游动物种群的影响提供了空间明确的框架。

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