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首页> 外文期刊>Ecology and Evolution >Sex-specific responses to territorial intrusions in a communication network: Evidence from radio-tagged great tits
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Sex-specific responses to territorial intrusions in a communication network: Evidence from radio-tagged great tits

机译：针对通信网络中的区域入侵的针对性别的响应：来自带有无线电标签的大山雀的证据

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Abstract Signals play a key role in the ecology and evolution of animal populations, influencing processes such as sexual selection and conflict resolution. In many species, sexually selected signals have a dual function: attracting mates and repelling rivals. Yet, to what extent males and females under natural conditions differentially respond to such signals remains poorly understood, due to a lack of field studies that simultaneously track both sexes. Using a novel spatial tracking system, we tested whether or not the spatial behavior of male and female great tits ( Parus major ) changes in relation to the vocal response of a territorial male neighbor to an intruder. We tracked the spatial behavior of male and female great tits ( N = 44), 1 hr before and 1 hr after simulating territory intrusions, employing automatized Encounternet radio-tracking technology. We recorded the spatial and vocal response of the challenged males and quantified attraction and repulsion of neighboring males and females to the intrusion site. We additionally quantified the direct proximity network of the challenged male. The strength of a male's vocal response to an intruder induced sex-dependent movements in the neighborhood, via female attraction and male repulsion. Stronger vocal responders were older and in better body condition. The proximity networks of the male vocal responders, including the number of sex-dependent connections and average time spent with connections, however, did not change directly following the intrusion. The effects on neighbor movements suggest that the strength of a male's vocal response can provide relevant social information to both the males and the females in the neighborhood, resulting in both sexes adjusting their spatial behavior in contrasting ways, while the social proximity network remained stable. This study underlines the importance of ?￠????silent?￠???? eavesdroppers within communication networks for studying the dual functioning and evolution of sexually selected signals.
机译：摘要信号在动物种群的生态和进化中起着关键作用，影响着性选择和解决冲突等过程。在许多物种中，通过性别选择的信号具有双重功能：吸引配偶并排斥对手。然而，由于缺乏同时追踪男性和女性的田野研究，在自然条件下，男性和女性在何种程度上对这些信号做出不同的反应仍然知之甚少。使用新颖的空间跟踪系统，我们测试了雄性和雌性大山雀（大山雀）的空间行为是否与领土男性邻居对入侵者的声音反应有关。我们使用自动化的Encounternet无线电跟踪技术，在模拟领土入侵之前1小时和之后1小时，追踪了雄性和雌性大山雀（N = 44）的空间行为。我们记录了受到挑战的雄性的空间和声音反应，并量化了邻近雄性和雌性对入侵部位的吸引和排斥。我们还量化了受挑战男性的直接邻近网络。男性对入侵者的声音反应强度会通过女性吸引和男性排斥而在附近引起性别相关的运动。较强的声音反应者年龄较大且身体状况较好。男性声音响应者的邻近网络（包括性别相关连接的数量和连接所花费的平均时间）在入侵之后并没有直接改变。对邻居运动的影响表明，男性的声音反应强度可以为附近的男性和女性提供相关的社会信息，从而导致两性以相反的方式调整其空间行为，而社交邻近网络保持稳定。这项研究强调了“沉默”的重要性。通信网络中的窃听者，用于研究性选择信号的双重功能和进化。

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