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Variable response of anuran calling activity to daily precipitation and temperature: implications for climate change

机译：阿努兰呼叫活动对每日降水和温度的可变响应：对气候变化的影响

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Long‐term monitoring of frog populations is needed to understand the effects of global change. To better understand the relationships between climate variation and calling activity, we monitored an anuran assemblage in a Puerto Rican wetland by sampling the acoustic environment for one minute every 10 minutes, for 41 months. By automating data collection using passive acoustic monitoring hardware, we collected more than 110,000 recordings. These recordings were analyzed using species‐specific identification algorithms of four Eleutherodactylus species. The peak calling activity of E. coqui (0.3 detection frequency) and E. cochranae (0.2) occurred between April and September, and there was a clear decline in activity during the dry months of January–March. There was no clear annual pattern in E. brittoni or E. juanariveroi , but E. juanariveroi did show a significant decline in calling activity over the 41‐month study (～0.5 to ～0.35). Calling activity of E. coqui and E. cochranae was positively correlated with temperature, while E. brittoni and E. juanariveroi responded negatively to temperature and precipitation. This difference in response to temperature and precipitation could be related to differences in body size and the location of calling sites among the four species. For example, E. brittoni and E. juanariveroi are small species that call from the tips of the vegetation. High temperatures and intense precipitation may cause them to retreat into the vegetation, and reduce calling activity. In contrast, E. coqui and E. cochranae call lower in the vegetation and from leaf axils where they are more protected. Based on these findings, future scenarios of climate change could pose a threat for the survival of the populations of these four species. New climate regimes could negatively affect the calling activity, and thus diminish reproductive events.
机译：需要对青蛙种群进行长期监测，以了解全球变化的影响。为了更好地了解气候变化与通话活动之间的关系，我们通过在40个月内每10分钟采样一分钟的声学环境，监测了波多黎各湿地中的无脊椎动物组合。通过使用无源声学监控硬件自动进行数据收集，我们收集了110,000多个录音。这些记录使用四种大肠E的物种特异性识别算法进行了分析。 E的峰值通话活动。 coqui（检测频率> 0.3）和 E。耳蜗（> 0.2）发生在4月至9月之间，并且在1月至3月的干旱月份活动明显减少。 E没有明确的年度模式。布里通尼或 E。 juanariveroi，但 E。在41个月的研究中，华氏泌尿生殖系统确实显示出呼叫活动显着下降（约0.5至约0.35）。 E的呼叫活动。 coqui和 E。耳蜗与温度呈正相关，而E。布列托尼和 E。 Juanariveroi对温度和降水有负面反应。这种对温度和降水的响应差异可能与四种物种的体型大小和呼叫部位的位置不同有关。例如， E。布列托尼和 E。 juanariveroi是从植被尖端呼唤的小物种。高温和强降雨可能会使它们退缩到植被中，并减少通话活动。相反， E。 coqui和 E。耳蜗在植物中和叶腋处受到保护的位置较低。根据这些发现，未来的气候变化情景可能对这四个物种的种群生存构成威胁。新的气候制度可能会对呼叫活动产生负面影响，从而减少生殖活动。

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