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Using tree functional diversity to evaluate management impacts in a subtropical forest

机译：使用树功能多样性评估对亚热带森林的管理影响

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The trait‐based approach has received much research attention as it provides a heuristic framework for evaluating the ecological impacts of anthropogenic activities on communities and ecosystems. In this study, functional diversity (or structure) measures, such as functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence, and functional composition, were used to examine management impacts on subtropical forests on the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. Functional indices were compared in tandem with taxonomic diversity indices between three forest types with different management histories: intact old‐growth forests, secondary forests after clear‐cutting, and abandoned Pinus luchuensis plantations. Species diversity indices were not significantly different among the three forest types. In contrast, functional diversity indices were significantly different among intact forests and managed forests. Functional richness and functional evenness were significantly lower in secondary forests than in intact forests and P. luchuensis plantations. Functional divergence was significantly higher in secondary forests and P. luchuensis plantations than in intact forests. These differences suggest that management activities affected niche space and the patterns of niche differentiation among component species in the functional space of managed forests. Community weighted means for each functional trait were also different among the forest types. The managed forests had greater leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content and maximum height, and lower specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen concentration than intact forests. These differences in functional composition of traits suggested potential functional impacts. This study demonstrated the utilization of species functional traits and community functional structure as a tool of natural experiment for assessing impacts of forest management practices on woodland ecosystems. It was also suggested that logging activities that include large‐scale clear‐cutting or establishment of P. luchuensis plantations may be incompatible with the conservation of natural ecosystem properties in subtropical forests.
机译：基于特征的方法为研究人为活动对社区和生态系统的生态影响提供了启发式框架，因此受到了很多研究关注。在这项研究中，功能多样性（或结构）措施，例如功能丰富性，功能均匀性，功能差异和功能组成，被用于检验管理对日本琉球群岛亚热带森林的影响。在具有不同经营历史的三种森林类型之间，将功能指数与分类多样性指数进行了比较：完整的老生长森林，砍伐后的次生森林和废弃的樟子松人工林。三种森林类型之间的物种多样性指数没有显着差异。相反，在原始森林和人工林之间，功能多样性指数存在显着差异。次生林的功能丰富度和功能均匀性明显低于完整林和

。芦竹人工林。次生林和磷的功能差异明显更高。芦竹人工林比原始森林要多。这些差异表明，管理活动影响了生态位空间以及管理森林功能空间中组成物种之间的生态位分化模式。不同森林类型对于每个功能性状的社区加权平均值也不同。与完整森林相比，人工林具有更大的叶片厚度，叶片干物质含量和最大高度，并且比叶面积和叶片氮含量更低。性状的功能组成上的这些差异表明潜在的功能影响。这项研究表明，利用物种功能性状和群落功能结构作为评估森林管理实践对林地生态系统影响的自然实验工具。还建议进行包括大规模砍伐或建立 P的伐木活动。 luchuensis人工林可能与亚热带森林自然生态系统特性的保护不相容。

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