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Stability of VLBI, SLR, DORIS, and GPS positioning

机译：VLBI，SLR，DORIS和GPS定位的稳定性

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The residual signal in VLBI, SLR, DORIS and GPS station motion, after a linear trend and seasonal components have been removed, is analysed to investigate site-specific and technique-specific error spectra. The study concentrates on 60 sites with dense observation history by two or more space geodetic techniques. Statistical methods include the Allan variance analysis and the three-cornered hat algorithm. The stability of time-series is defined by two parameters, namely the Allan deviation for a one-year sampling time (noise level) and the slope of the Allan variance graph with its spectral interpretation (noise type). The site-specific noise level is found to be in the range 0.5-3.5 mm in either horizontal direction and 1-4.5 mm in height for most sites. The distribution of site-specific noise type includes both white noise and flicker noise. White noise is predominant in the East direction. Both types of noise are found in the North direction, with no particular geographical clustering. In the Up direction, the Northern hemisphere sites seem to be split in two large geographical sectors characterised either by white noise or by flicker noise signatures. Technique-specific noise characteristics are estimated in several ways, leading to a white noise diagnostic for VLBI and SLR in all three local directions. DORIS has also white noise in the horizontal directions, whereas GPS has a flicker noise spectrum. The vertical noise spectrum is indecisive for both DORIS and GPS. The three-dimensional noise levels for the one-year sampling time are 1.7 mm for VLBI, 2.5 mm for SLR, 5.2 mm for DORIS, and 4.1 mm for GPS. For GPS, the long-term analysis homogeneity has a strong influence. In the case of a test solution reanalysed in a fully consistent way, the noise level drops to the VLBI level in horizontal and to the SLR level in vertical. The three-dimensional noise level for a one-year sampling time decreases to 1.8 mm. In addition, the percentage of stations with flicker noise drops to only about 20% of the network.
机译：在去除线性趋势和季节性分量之后，对VLBI，SLR，DORIS和GPS站运动中的残留信号进行了分析，以研究特定于站点和特定于技术的误差谱。该研究通过两种或更多种空间大地测量技术集中于60个观测历史密集的地点。统计方法包括艾伦方差分析和三角帽子算法。时间序列的稳定性由两个参数定义，即一年采样时间的艾伦偏差（噪声水平）和带有频谱解释的艾伦方差图的斜率（噪声类型）。对于大多数站点，特定于站点的噪声水平在任一水平方向上都在0.5-3.5 mm范围内，在高度上在1-4.5 mm范围内。特定于站点的噪声类型的分布包括白噪声和闪烁噪声。白噪声在东方方向上占主导地位。两种类型的噪声都位于北向，没有特定的地理聚类。在上方向上，北半球的站点似乎被分为两个大的地理区域，这些区域的特征是白噪声或闪烁的噪声特征。可以通过几种方式估算特定于技术的噪声特性，从而在所有三个本地方向上对VLBI和SLR进行白噪声诊断。 DORIS在水平方向上也有白噪声，而GPS具有闪烁的噪声频谱。垂直噪声频谱对于DORIS和GPS都没有决定性作用。一年采样时间的三维噪声水平对于VLBI为1.7毫米，对于SLR为2.5毫米，对于DORIS为5.2毫米，对于GPS为4.1毫米。对于GPS，长期分析的同质性具有很强的影响力。在以完全一致的方式重新分析测试解决方案的情况下，噪声水平在水平方向上降至VLBI级别，在垂直方向上降至SLR级别。一年采样时间的三维噪声水平降低到1.8毫米。此外，具有闪烁噪声的站点的百分比仅下降到网络的20％左右。

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