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Nature and the Marketplace: Capturing the Value of Ecosystem Services

机译：自然与市场：捕捉生态系统服务的价值

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Review: Nature and the Marketplace: Capturing the Value of Ecosystem Services By Geoffrey Heal Reviewed by Jack Coburn Isaacs Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, USA Geoffrey Heal. Nature and the Marketplace: Capturing the Value of Ecosystem Services. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2000. 203 pp. ISBN 1- 55963-796-X (paper). US$25.00. Recycled, acid-free paper. Economics often suffers a bad reputation among environmentalists for neglecting the natural world. To a degree, this reputation is justified. To a degree, it is a matter of misunderstanding by critics who are unaware of the capacity of economic theory to study the nature and causes of environmental problems and uncover the value of environmental amenities. Fortunately, Geoffrey Heal has come along to set the record straight. Nature and the Marketplace contains ten chapters. The first three chapters cover the fundamentals of economic theory. The basic groundwork of economics is established without reference to supply curves, demand curves, or many of the charts, tables, figures, and formulae that sometimes confound the general reader. These chapters present the importance of property rights and markets, their roles, and their limitations. Heal explains how and why markets work and the causes and consequences of market failure. The next three chapters are applications of the concepts covered in the first three. While these provide examples of the versatility of natural resource economics, they are too brief for the complex issues they evaluate. Some of their market-based solutions may appear, perhaps, a bit too tidy. Chapter 4 competently addresses the capacity for ecotourism to provide positive incentives for environmental preservation but overlooks the possible negative effects of tourism on wildlife habitat. (The negative side effects are only briefly mentioned in the book's conclusion.) Chapter 5 describes the market failures that lie behind the global warming but offers solutions, carbon emissions and sequestration markets, that seem irrelevant after the collapse of the Kyoto Protocol. Heal may have used economic theory to explain why the current forms of international organization make market- based solutions for global warming difficult to develop and implement. In chapter 6 on biological diversity, Heal explains why markets often ignore the value of biodiversity, and the possible costs of doing so. He describes a few successful market-based initiatives to protect species habitat but admits that the scope of the biodiversity is beyond the realm of economics alone. Such
机译：评论：自然与市场：捕捉生态系统服务的价值作者：Geoffrey Heal，作者：Jack Coburn Isaacs，美国路易斯安那州野生生物和渔业部Geoffrey Heal。自然与市场：捕捉生态系统服务的价值。华盛顿特区：Island Press，2000年。203页，ISBN 1-55963-796-X（纸）。 25.00美元。再生无酸纸。由于忽视自然界，经济学家在环境保护主义者中经常遭受不良声誉。在一定程度上，这种声誉是合理的。在一定程度上，这是评论家们的一种误解，他们没有意识到经济理论研究环境问题的性质和原因以及发现环境便利设施的价值的能力。幸运的是，Geoffrey Heal一直保持着纪录。 《自然与市场》包含十章。前三章介绍了经济理论的基础。经济学的基本基础是建立在不参考供给曲线，需求曲线或有时会使普通读者感到困惑的许多图表，表格，图表和公式的基础上。这些章节介绍了产权和市场的重要性，其作用及其局限性。 Heal解释了市场运作的方式和原因，以及市场失灵的原因和后果。接下来的三章是前三个主题所涵盖概念的应用。尽管这些提供了自然资源经济学多功能性的示例，但对于它们评估的复杂问题而言，它们太简短了。他们的一些基于市场的解决方案可能看起来过于整洁。第四章充分论述了生态旅游为环境保护提供积极奖励的能力，但忽略了旅游业对野生动植物栖息地的负面影响。 （负面影响仅在本书的结论中进行了简要提及。）第5章描述了全球变暖背后的市场失灵，但提供了解决方案，碳排放和碳固存市场，这在《京都议定书》崩溃后似乎无关紧要。 Heal可能已经使用经济学理论来解释了为什么当前的国际组织形式使得难以制定和实施基于市场的全球变暖解决方案。在有关生物多样性的第6章中，Heal解释了为什么市场经常忽略生物多样性的价值以及这样做的可能成本。他介绍了一些成功的基于市场的举措，以保护物种栖息地，但他承认生物多样性的范围不仅仅是经济领域。这样

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