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Conservation in the Internet Age: Threats and Opportunities

机译：互联网时代的保护：威胁与机遇

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Review: Conservation in the Internet Age: Threats and Opportunities By James N. Levitt (Ed.) Reviewed by Pramod K. Nayar University of Hyderabad, India James N. Levitt (Ed.). Conservation in the Internet Age: Threats and Opportunities. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002. 364 pp. ISBN 1- 55963-913-X (paper). US$30.00 Recycled, acid-free paper. This volume is an admirable effort in the direction of suggesting the harnessing of technology for conservation purposes. The Internet revolution and conservation are not mutually exclusive or in conflict, as this volume demonstrates. Communication and transport networks also facilitate conservation and new dynamics of regional, demographic, and land use patterns. James Levitt opens the volume with a thorough, informed historical survey of networks and nature in America. Closely reading the development of railways, roadways, and other forms of transport and communication, Levitt pays attention to the ways in which exploration of the landscape and the creation of national parks and forests have frequently engaged with issues of land use, conservation, and human geography. He suggests that the Internet, express delivery systems, and other networks are key enablers of deconcentrating settlement and development patterns. Increased mobility and communication in the last decades of the 20th century radically altered economic expansion. Levitt notes that people who grew prosperous with businesses devoted to contemporary technology have also, in the main, been influential in popularizing novel modes of land use and conservation. Further, Levitt argues that conservationists now have an increased set of administrative, educational, and scientific tools at their disposal. William Mitchell's essay speaks of the loosening of spatial and temporal linkages-what he terms fragmentation and recombination-among urban activities through use of digital telecommunication networks. Such networks, Mitchell suggests, enable extensive distribution of inexpensive decentralized intelligence. We can also adopt new, network-enabled patterns of development to reinvent the traditional neighborhood (the theme of the New Urbanists). Mitchell also sees enormous potential for rural backwaters and smaller communities. Kenneth Johnson's essay deals with the changing dynamics of rural demography. Noting changes in patterns such as the age of people out migrating from rural areas and to retirement destinations, Johnson suggests
机译：评论：互联网时代的保护：威胁与机遇作者：James N. Levitt（编辑），印度海得拉巴Pramod K. Nayar大学评论James N. Levitt（编辑）。互联网时代的保护：威胁与机遇。华盛顿特区：Island Press，2002年。364页，ISBN 1-55963-913-X（纸）。 30.00美元再生无酸纸。在建议为保护目的而利用技术的方向上，这一卷是令人钦佩的努力。正如本卷所显示的，互联网的革命与保护并不是相互排斥或冲突的。通讯和运输网络还促进了区域，人口和土地利用方式的保护和新动态。詹姆斯·莱维特（James Levitt）通过对美国的网络和自然进行了全面而全面的历史调查，从而打开了本册。莱维特仔细阅读了铁路，公路和其他形式的运输与通讯的发展，关注了景观探索以及国家公园和森林的创建经常涉及土地使用，保护和人类问题的方式。地理。他建议，互联网，快递系统和其他网络是分散结算和发展模式的主要推动力。在20世纪的最后几十年中，流动性和通讯的增加极大地改变了经济的发展。莱维特（Levitt）指出，随着致力于现代技术的企业的发展而繁荣昌盛的人们，在普及新型土地利用和保护模式方面也发挥了重要作用。此外，莱维特认为，保护主义者现在拥有越来越多的行政，教育和科学工具。威廉·米切尔（William Mitchell）的文章谈到了通过使用数字电信网络在城市活动中时空联系的松散（他称之为碎片化和重组）。米切尔（Mitchell）建议，这样的网络可以实现廉价分散智能的广泛分布。我们还可以采用新的，基于网络的开发模式来重塑传统社区（新都市主义者的主题）。米切尔还认为，农村死水地区和较小社区的潜力巨大。肯尼斯·约翰逊（Kenneth Johnson）的文章探讨了乡村人口动态变化。约翰逊指出，模式的变化，例如从农村地区移民到退休目的地的年龄等

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