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首页> 外文期刊>Elementa: science of the anthropocene >Tropospheric ozone assessment report: Global ozone metrics for climate change, human health, and crop/ecosystem research
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Tropospheric ozone assessment report: Global ozone metrics for climate change, human health, and crop/ecosystem research

机译：对流层臭氧评估报告：用于气候变化，人类健康和作物/生态系统研究的全球臭氧指标

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Assessment of spatial and temporal variation in the impacts of ozone on human health, vegetation, and climate requires appropriate metrics. A key component of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is the consistent calculation of these metrics at thousands of monitoring sites globally. Investigating temporal trends in these metrics required that the same statistical methods be applied across these ozone monitoring sites. The nonparametric Mann-Kendall test (for significant trends) and the Theil-Sen estimator (for estimating the magnitude of trend) were selected to provide robust methods across all sites. This paper provides the scientific underpinnings necessary to better understand the implications of and rationale for selecting a specific TOAR metric for assessing spatial and temporal variation in ozone for a particular impact. The rationale and underlying research evidence that influence the derivation of specific metrics are given. The form of 25 metrics (4 for model-measurement comparison, 5 for characterization of ozone in the free troposphere, 11 for human health impacts, and 5 for vegetation impacts) are described. Finally, this study categorizes health and vegetation exposure metrics based on the extent to which they are determined only by the highest hourly ozone levels, or by a wider range of values. The magnitude of the metrics is influenced by both the distribution of hourly average ozone concentrations at a site location, and the extent to which a particular metric is determined by relatively low, moderate, and high hourly ozone levels. Hence, for the same ozone time series, changes in the distribution of ozone concentrations can result in different changes in the magnitude and direction of trends for different metrics. Thus, dissimilar conclusions about the effect of changes in the drivers of ozone variability (e.g., precursor emissions) on health and vegetation exposure can result from the selection of different metrics.
机译：评估臭氧对人类健康，植被和气候的影响的时空变化需要适当的度量标准。对流层臭氧评估报告（TOAR）的一个关键组成部分是在全球成千上万个监测点对这些指标进行一致的计算。要研究这些指标的时间趋势，就需要对这些臭氧监测站采用相同的统计方法。选择非参数Mann-Kendall检验（用于显着趋势）和Theil-Sen估计量（用于估计趋势量）以在所有站点上提供可靠的方法。本文提供了必要的科学依据，可以更好地理解选择特定TOAR度量标准来评估臭氧对特定影响的时空变化的含义和原理。给出了影响特定指标推导的原理和基础研究证据。描述了25个指标的形式（4个用于模型测量比较，5个用于表征对流层中的臭氧，11个对人类健康影响，5个对植被影响）。最后，本研究根据仅由最高每小时臭氧水平或更大范围的数值所决定的程度，对健康和植被暴露指标进行了分类。度量标准的大小受站点位置每小时平均臭氧浓度的分布以及特定度量标准的程度的影响，具体程度取决于相对较低，中等和较高的每小时臭氧水平。因此，对于相同的臭氧时间序列，臭氧浓度分布的变化会导致不同度量标准的趋势的大小和方向发生不同的变化。因此，选择不同的度量标准可以得出有关臭氧可变性驱动因素变化（例如，前体排放）变化对健康和植被暴露影响的不同结论。

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