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Estimating HIV prevalence from surveys with low individual consent rates: annealing individual and pooled samples

机译：从个人同意率低的调查中估计艾滋病毒流行率：对个体样本和汇总样本进行退火

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Many HIV prevalence surveys are plagued by the problem that a sizeable number of surveyed individuals do not consent to contribute blood samples for testing. One can ignore this problem, as is often done, but the resultant bias can be of sufficient magnitude to invalidate the results of the survey, especially if the number of non-responders is high and the reason for refusing to participate is related to the individual’s HIV status. One reason for refusing to participate may be for reasons of privacy. For those individuals, we suggest offering the option of being tested in a pool. This form of testing is less certain than individual testing, but, if it convinces more people to submit to testing, it should reduce the potential for bias and give a cleaner answer to the question of prevalence. This paper explores the logistics of implementing a combined individual and pooled testing approach and evaluates the analytical advantages to such a combined testing strategy. We quantify improvements in a prevalence estimator based on this combined testing strategy, relative to an individual testing only approach and a pooled testing only approach. Minimizing non-response is key for reducing bias, and, if pooled testing assuages privacy concerns, offering a pooled testing strategy has the potential to substantially improve HIV prevalence estimates.
机译：许多艾滋病毒患病率调查都受到以下问题的困扰：大量被调查者不同意提供血液样本进行测试。人们可以像通常那样忽略这一问题，但是由此产生的偏差可能足以使调查结果无效，尤其是在无应答者数量很高且拒绝参加的原因与个人的原因有关的情况下。艾滋病毒状况。拒绝参与的原因之一可能是出于隐私原因。对于这些人，我们建议提供在池中进行测试的选项。这种测试形式不像单个测试那样确定，但是，如果说服更多的人参加测试，则应该减少产生偏见的可能性，并更普遍地回答普遍性问题。本文探讨了实施单独的和合并的测试方法的后勤工作，并评估了这种组合测试策略的分析优势。我们基于这种组合的测试策略，相对于单个测试方法和汇总测试方法，量化了患病率估算器中的改进。最大限度地减少无回应是减少偏见的关键，并且，如果汇总测试可以缓解隐私问题，则提供汇总测试策略有可能极大地提高对艾滋病病毒感染率的估计。

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