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A discussion of building automation and stakeholder engagement for the readiness of energy flexible buildings

机译：讨论建筑自动化和利益相关方参与，以实现能源灵活型建筑的就绪

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Building automation enables the possibility of energy flexibility in buildings. To investigate the motivation and barriers for the energy flexibility in buildings, this study develops a conceptual framework of the readiness for energy flexible buildings by conducting interviews with building automation suppliers, electricity supplier, district heating supplier, distribution system operator, energy service companies, experts in energy and buildings, building managers, and occupants. The two main parts of the framework are building preparation, grid and market conditions following the impacts of regulation and policies, stakeholder collaboration and integrated building automation. A case study of campus buildings is conducted to demonstrate the framework. The result of the case study shows that the main barriers for buildings to provide energy flexibility are 1) many buildings are too old and need to be refurbished, 2) the benefit of providing energy flexibility to the grid is not sufficient, 3) building management systems need to be either installed or upgraded to response to the demand from the grid. Building managers believe that buildings can provide energy flexibility by building automation and distributed energy resources, but they consider energy efficiency to be more important than providing flexibility to the grid. Meanwhile, occupants have different opinions regarding the comfort level of indoor air quality and control, and the differences are based on various factors, e.g. location, room type, and building ages.
机译：建筑物自动化使建筑物具有能源灵活性的可能性。为了调查建筑物能源灵活性的动机和障碍，本研究通过与建筑物自动化供应商，电力供应商，区域供热供应商，配电系统运营商，能源服务公司，专家进行访谈，建立了能源柔性建筑物准备就绪的概念框架。在能源和建筑，建筑管理人员和居住者中。该框架的两个主要部分是建筑准备，受法规和政策影响的电网和市场状况，利益相关者的协作和集成建筑自动化。进行了校园建筑案例研究，以说明该框架。案例研究的结果表明，建筑物提供能源灵活性的主要障碍是：1）许多建筑物太旧，需要翻新; 2）为电网提供能源灵活性的好处不足; 3）建筑物管理需要安装或升级系统以响应网格的需求。建筑经理认为，建筑物可以通过建筑物自动化和分布式能源来提供能源灵活性，但他们认为能源效率比为电网提供灵活性更为重要。同时，居住者对室内空气质量和控制的舒适度有不同的看法，并且差异是基于各种因素，例如位置，房间类型和建筑年龄。

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