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The role of storage capacity in coping with intra- and inter-annual water variability in large river basins

机译：大型河流流域的蓄水能力在应对年内和年际水变化中的作用

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Societies and economies are challenged by variable water supplies. Water storage infrastructure, on a range of scales, can help to mitigate hydrological variability. This study uses a water balance model to investigate how storage capacity can improve water security in the world's 403 most important river basins, by substituting water from wet months to dry months. We construct a new water balance model for 676 'basin-country units' (BCUs), which simulates runoff, water use (from surface and groundwater), evaporation and trans-boundary discharges. When hydrological variability and net withdrawals are taken into account, along with existing storage capacity, we find risks of water shortages in the Indian subcontinent, Northern China, Spain, the West of the US, Australia and several basins in Africa. Dividing basins into BCUs enabled assessment of upstream dependency in transboundary rivers. Including Environmental Water Requirements into the model, we find that in many basins in India, Northern China, South Africa, the US West Coast, the East of Brazil, Spain and in the Murray basin in Australia human water demand leads to over-abstraction of water resources important to the ecosystem. Then, a Sequent Peak Analysis is conducted to estimate how much storage would be needed to satisfy human water demand whilst not jeopardizing environmental flows. The results are consistent with the water balance model in that basins in India, Northern China, Western Australia, Spain, the US West Coast and several basins in Africa would need more storage to mitigate water supply variability and to meet water demand.
机译：不断变化的供水给社会和经济带来了挑战。各种规模的储水基础设施可以帮助减轻水文变化。这项研究使用水平衡模型来研究存储能力如何通过将水从潮湿月份改为干燥月份来改善世界上最重要的403个流域的水安全。我们为676个“流域国家单位”（BCU）构建了一个新的水平衡模型，该模型模拟了径流，用水（来自地表水和地下水），蒸发和跨界排放。考虑到水文的可变性和净取水量以及现有的存储能力，我们发现印度次大陆，中国北方，西班牙，美国西部，澳大利亚和非洲的多个盆地都存在缺水的风险。将流域分为BCU，可以评估跨界河流的上游依赖性。将模型中的环境需水量包括在内，我们发现在印度，中国北方，南非，美国西海岸，巴西东部，西班牙和澳大利亚的默里盆地的许多流域中，人类的需水量导致了过度需求对生态系统重要的水资源。然后，进行后续峰分析以估计需要多少存储量才能满足人类对水的需求，同时又不危害环境流量。该结果与印度，中国北部，西澳大利亚州，西班牙，美国西海岸的流域以及非洲一些流域的水平衡模型相一致，非洲将需要更多的水库来减轻水的供应波动并满足水的需求。

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