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首页> 外文期刊>Environment Pollution and Climate Change >Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies Vis-À-Vis the Agriculture and Water Sectors in Ethiopia - Case Review/Study of the EPCC Project
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Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies Vis-À-Vis the Agriculture and Water Sectors in Ethiopia - Case Review/Study of the EPCC Project

机译：埃塞俄比亚的气候变化适应和减缓战略与农业和水利部门-案例审查/ EPCC项目研究

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This study is a case review of the Ethiopian Panel on Climatic Change (EPCC) project, particularly the EPCC First Assessment Report, with special emphasis on the Mixed Crop Livestock (MCL) system, along with the water sector as it relates to climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in Ethiopia. A key finding of this study is that there currently exist serious, direct impacts of climate change to crops, livestock, and water as compared to other economic sectors in the country. Impacts of climate change to crop sector are in terms of decreasing in both productivity/yield and cultivable land (in some crops like maize shifted from lowland areas to highland areas; while, barley since it is a highland crops, due to climate change its cultivable land diminished and productivity decreased) due to high temperature and water deficit. Despite to some extent livestock are better off even with higher temperature, overheating may significantly harm livestock production. Meanwhile, the water sector of the country gets impacted negatively by climate change by decreasing soil water, ground water and stream flow due to high evapotranspiration in some areas. To alleviate these negative impacts of climate change, there are trends of adaptation and mitigation strategies practiced at both private and community bases. Some of the explored adaptation strategies are macro-level, micro-level (farm level) and ‘No regret’ adaptations options (adaptation options which provide yields with tolerable cost even in the absence of climate change). It also discussed that there are mitigation strategies to immune level of emissions from particularly the agriculture sector (i.e., from crop, mainly livestock and natural resources). Some of the mitigation strategies identified and reviewed are: reducing expansion of cultivated land through agricultural intensification (increasing productivity by reducing Green House Gas (GHG) emission: conservation agriculture, compost, wise use of inorganic fertilizers, proper crop management); improving animal productivity through breeding; feedlots practice by smallholder farmers; improving feed and feeding management; diversification toward lower emitting animal species (small ruminants); mechanization; manure management; afforestation/reforestation; agroforestry; soil and water conservation and land rehabilitation; and reducing rate of desertification. However, it also noted that there should be given prior emphasis to adaptation than mitigation particularly in developing world like Ethiopia since it is local, complex and process based but practical and applicable, despite the trend is now shifted to it. Nevertheless, prior to intervene and/or scale up any adaptation option, there should be done livelihood based vulnerability assessment with specific to each agro-ecology and gender in the country. Doing this assessment first means, it is now easy to device or scale up any adaptation options to the community in general and women in particular. This report major finding will be reached out and communicated to the wider community via various means. There by, it will hopefully be upgraded the lower level of community awareness to climate change issues in general so that climate smart socio-economic development and well-being will be maintained and/or sustained in the country.
机译：这项研究是对埃塞俄比亚气候变化专门委员会（EPCC）项目，特别是EPCC第一份评估报告的案例审查，特别侧重于混合作物畜牧（MCL）系统以及与气候变化适应相关的水部门和埃塞俄比亚的缓解策略。这项研究的关键发现是，与该国其他经济部门相比，气候变化目前对农作物，牲畜和水具有严重的直接影响。气候变化对作物部门的影响表现为生产力/产量和耕地面积的下降（在某些作物中，如玉米从低地向高地转移;而大麦由于是高地作物，由于气候变化而可耕种）高温和缺水导致土地面积减少，生产力下降）。尽管即使在较高的温度下，牲畜在某种程度上也会变得更好，但是过热可能会严重损害牲畜的生产。同时，由于某些地区的高蒸散量，该国的水务部门受到了气候变化的不利影响，减少了土壤水，地下水和溪流。为了减轻气候变化的这些负面影响，在私人和社区基地都实行了适应和减缓战略的趋势。探索的适应策略包括宏观，微观（农场）和“无悔”适应方案（即使在没有气候变化的情况下，也能提供可承受成本的适应方案）。报告还讨论了缓解措施，可以缓解来自农业部门（即来自作物，主要是牲畜和自然资源）的排放量的免疫水平。确定和审查的一些缓解策略是：通过农业集约化来减少耕地的扩张（通过减少温室气体（GHG）的排放来提高生产率：保护性农业，堆肥，明智使用无机肥料，适当的作物管理）;通过繁殖提高动物生产力;小农户的饲养场实践;改善饲料和饲料管理;向低排放动物种类（小反刍动物）多样化;机械化粪便管理;造林/重新造林;农林业水土保持与土地恢复;并降低荒漠化率。但是，它也指出，应优先考虑适应而不是减缓，特别是在埃塞俄比亚这样的发展中世界，因为这种适应是局部的，复杂的，基于过程的，但是实用的和适用的，尽管现在趋势已转向适应。但是，在干预和/或扩大任何适应方案之前，应针对该国的每种农业生态和性别，进行基于生计的脆弱性评估。首先进行此评估意味着，现在很容易为社区，尤其是妇女，推广或适应任何适应方案。该报告的主要发现将通过各种方式传达给更广泛的社区。到那时，有望将社区对气候变化问题的认识降低到更低的水平，从而在该国维持和/或维持气候智能型社会经济发展和福祉。

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