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Energy Efficient Sensor Nodes Powered by Kinetic Energy Harvesters – Design for Optimum Performance

机译：由动能收集器提供动力的节能传感器节点–最佳性能设计

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In an energy harvester powered wireless sensor nodesystem, as the energy harvester is the only energy source, it iscrucial to configure the microcontroller and the sensor node sothat the harvested energy is used efficiently. This paper outlinesmodelling, performance optimisation and design exploration ofthe complete, complex system which includes the analoguemechanical model of a tunable kinetic microgenerator, itsmagnetic coupling with the electrical blocks, electrical powerstorage and processing parts, the digital control of themicrogenerator tuning system, as well as the power consumptionmodels of sensor node. Therefore not only the energy harvesterdesign parameters but also the sensor node operation parameterscan be optimised in order to achieve the best system performance.The power consumption models of the microcontroller and thesensor node are built based on their operation scenarios so thatthe parameters of the digital algorithms can be optimised toachieve the best energy efficiency. In the proposed approach, twoHardware Description Languages, VHDL-AMS and SystemC-Ais used to model the system's analogue components as well as thedigital control algorithms which are implemented in themicrocontroller and the sensor node. Simulation and performanceoptimisation results are verified experimentally. In thedevelopment of the fast design exploration tool based on theresponse surface technique, the response surface model (RSM) isconstructed by carrying out a series of simulations. The RSM isthen optimised using MATLAB's optimisation toolbox and theoptimisation results are presented.
机译：在以能量收集器为动力的无线传感器节点系统中，由于能量收集器是唯一的能源，因此配置微控制器和传感器节点以有效地利用收集的能量至关重要。本文概述了完整，复杂的系统的建模，性能优化和设计探索，其中包括可调动力微型发电机的模拟力学模型，其与电气块的电磁耦合，电能存储和处理部件，微型发电机调整系统的数字控制以及传感器节点的功耗模型。因此不仅可以优化能量收集器的设计参数，而且可以优化传感器节点的操作参数，以获得最佳的系统性能。微控制器和传感器节点的功耗模型是基于它们的操作场景而构建的，从而数字算法的参数可以进行优化以实现最佳的能源效率。在提出的方法中，使用两种硬件描述语言（VHDL-AMS和SystemC-A）对系统的模拟组件以及在微控制器和传感器节点中实现的数字控制算法进行建模。仿真和性能优化结果已通过实验验证。在基于响应面技术的快速设计探索工具的开发中，通过进行一系列仿真来构建响应面模型（RSM）。然后使用MATLAB的优化工具箱对RSM进行优化，并给出优化结果。

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