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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Research Letters >Maintaining yields and reducing nitrogen loss in rice–wheat rotation system in Taihu Lake region with proper fertilizer management
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Maintaining yields and reducing nitrogen loss in rice–wheat rotation system in Taihu Lake region with proper fertilizer management

机译：适当管理化肥，保持太湖地区稻麦轮作系统的产量并减少氮素损失

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In the Tailake region of China, heavy nitrogen (N) loss of rice–wheat rotation systems, due to high fertilizer-N input with low N use efficiency (NUE), was widely reported. To alleviate the detrimental impacts caused by N loss, it is necessary to improve the fertilizer management practices. Therefore, a 3 yr field experiments with different N managements including organic combined chemical N treatment (OCN, 390 kg N ha?1 yr?1, 20% organic fertilizer), control–released urea treatment (CRU, 390 kg N ha?1 yr?1, 70% resin-coated urea), reduced chemical N treatment (RCN, 390 kg N ha?1 yr?1, all common chemical fertilizer), and site-specific N management (SSNM, 333 kg N ha?1 yr?1, all common chemical fertilizer) were conducted in the Taihu Lake region with the 'farmer's N' treatment (FN, 510 kg N ha?1 yr?1, all common chemical fertilizer) as a control. Grain yield, plant N uptake (PNU), NUE, and N losses via runoff, leaching, and ammonia volatilization were assessed. In the rice season, the FN treatment had the highest N loss and lowest NUE, which can be attributed to an excessive rate of N application. Treatments of OCN and RCN with a 22% reduced N rate from FN had no significant effect on PNU nor the yield of rice in the 3 yr; however, the NUE was improved and N loss was reduced 20–32%. OCN treatment achieved the highest yield, while SSNM has the lowest N loss and highest NUE due to the lowest N rate. In wheat season, N loss decreased about 28–48% with the continuous reduction of N input, but the yield also declined, with the exception of OCN treatment. N loss through runoff, leaching and ammonia volatilization was positively correlated with the N input rate. When compared with the pure chemical fertilizer treatment of RCN under the same N input, OCN treatment has better NUE, better yield, and lower N loss. 70% of the urea replaced with resin-coated urea had no significant effect on yield and NUE improvement, but decreased the ammonia volatilization loss. Soil total N and organic matter content showed a decrease after three continuous cropping years with inorganic fertilizer application alone, but there was an increase with the OCN treatment. N balance analysis showed a N surplus for FN treatment and a balanced N budget for OCN treatment. To reduce the environmental impact and maintain a high crop production, proper N reduction together with organic amendments could be sustainable in the rice–wheat rotation system in the Taihu Lake region for a long run.
机译：在中国的太湖地区，广泛报道了稻麦轮作系统中大量的氮（N）损失，这是由于肥料氮输入量高而氮利用效率（NUE）低。为了减轻氮素流失带来的不利影响，有必要改进肥料管理措施。因此，进行了3​​年的不同氮管理的田间试验，包括有机联合化学氮处理（OCN，390 kg N ha？1 yr？1，20％有机肥），控释尿素处理（CRU，390 kg N ha？1）。 yr？1，70％树脂包覆的尿素），减少化学氮处理（RCN，390 kg N ha？1 yr？1，所有常见的化肥），以及特定地点的氮管理（SSNM，333 kg N ha？1） yr？1，所有普通化肥）都在太湖地区进行，以“农民N”处理（FN，510 kg N ha？1 yr？1，所有普通化肥）为对照。评估了谷物的产量，植物的氮吸收量（PNU），NUE和通过径流，浸出和氨挥发引起的氮损失。在水稻季节，FN处理的氮素损失最高，NUE最低，这可以归因于过量的氮肥施用。在三年中，从FN降低22％的氮含量的OCN和RCN处理对PNU或水稻的产量均无显着影响。但是，NUE得到了改善，氮损失减少了20–32％。 OCN处理获得了最高的产量，而SSNM由于最低的N比率而具有最低的N损失和最高的NUE。在小麦季节，随着氮素输入的持续减少，氮素损失减少了约28-48％，但除OCN处理外，产量也有所下降。径流，淋滤和氨气挥发引起的氮损失与氮输入速率呈正相关。与相同氮素输入下的RCN纯化学肥料处理相比，OCN处理具有更好的NUE，更好的产量和更低的N损失。用树脂包覆的尿素代替的尿素中有70％对产量和NUE的改善没有显着影响，但减少了氨挥发损失。仅施用无机肥料，连续播种三年后，土壤总氮和有机质含量下降，但使用有机氯肥处理后土壤总氮和有机质含量增加。氮平衡分析表明，FN处理的氮过多，而OCN处理的氮预算平衡。为了减少对环境的影响并保持高产，长期以来，在太湖地区的稻麦轮作系统中，适当减少氮素和有机改良剂可能是可持续的。

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