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Chromatin structure and DNA damage repair

机译：染色质结构和DNA损伤修复

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摘要

The integrity of the genome is continuously challenged by both endogenous and exogenous DNA damaging agents. These damaging agents can induce a wide variety of lesions in the DNA, such as double strand breaks, single strand breaks, oxidative lesions and pyrimidine dimers. The cell has evolved intricate DNA damage response mechanisms to counteract the genotoxic effects of these lesions. The two main features of the DNA damage response mechanisms are cell-cycle checkpoint activation and, at the heart of the response, DNA repair. For both damage signalling and repair, chromatin remodelling is most likely a prerequisite. Here, we discuss current knowledge on chromatin remodelling with respect to the cellular response to DNA damage, with emphasis on the response to lesions resolved by nucleotide excision repair. We will discuss the role of histone modifications as well as their displacement or exchange in nucleotide excision repair and make a comparison with their requirement in transcription and double strand break repair.
机译：基因组的完整性一直受到内源性和外源性DNA破坏剂的挑战。这些破坏剂可以在DNA中诱导多种损伤，例如双链断裂，单链断裂，氧化损伤和嘧啶二聚体。该细胞已经进化出复杂的DNA损伤反应机制，以抵消这些损伤的遗传毒性作用。 DNA损伤反应机制的两个主要特征是细胞周期检查点激活以及作为反应核心的DNA修复。对于损伤信号传导和修复，染色质重塑最有可能是先决条件。在这里，我们讨论细胞对DNA损伤的反应，有关染色质重塑的当前知识，重点是对核苷酸切除修复解决的病变的反应。我们将讨论组蛋白修饰的作用以及它们在核苷酸切除修复中的置换或交换，并与它们在转录和双链断裂修复中的需求进行比较。

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