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首页> 外文期刊>Epigenetics & Chromatin >Chicken embryonic stem cells and primordial germ cells display different heterochromatic histone marks than their mammalian counterparts
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Chicken embryonic stem cells and primordial germ cells display different heterochromatic histone marks than their mammalian counterparts

机译：鸡胚胎干细胞和原始生殖细胞显示出与哺乳动物对应不同的异色组蛋白标记

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Chromatin epigenetics participate in control of gene expression during metazoan development. DNA methylation and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones have been extensively characterised in cell types present in, or derived from, mouse embryos. In embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from blastocysts, factors involved in deposition of epigenetic marks regulate properties related to self-renewal and pluripotency. In the germ lineage, changes in histone PTMs and DNA demethylation occur during formation of the primordial germ cells (PGCs) to reset the epigenome of the future gametes. Trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3) by Polycomb group proteins is involved in several epigenome-remodelling steps, but it remains unclear whether these epigenetic features are conserved in non-mammalian vertebrates. To investigate this question, we compared the abundance and nuclear distribution of the main histone PTMs, 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in chicken ESCs, PGCs and blastodermal cells (BCs) with differentiated chicken ESCs and embryonic fibroblasts. In addition, we analysed the expression of chromatin modifier genes to better understand the establishment and dynamics of chromatin epigenetic profiles. The nuclear distributions of most PTMs and 5hmC in chicken stem cells were similar to what has been described for mammalian cells. However, unlike mouse pericentric heterochromatin (PCH), chicken ESC PCH contained high levels of trimethylated histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3). In differentiated chicken cells, PCH was less enriched in H3K27me3 relative to chromatin overall. In PGCs, the H3K27me3 global level was greatly reduced, whereas the H3K9me3 level was elevated. Most chromatin modifier genes known in mammals were expressed in chicken ESCs, PGCs and BCs. Genes presumably involved in de novo DNA methylation were very highly expressed. DNMT3B and HELLS/SMARCA6 were highly expressed in chicken ESCs, PGCs and BCs compared to differentiated chicken ESCs and embryonic fibroblasts, and DNMT3A was strongly expressed in ESCs, differentiated ESCs and BCs. Chicken ESCs and PGCs differ from their mammalian counterparts with respect to H3K27 methylation. High enrichment of H3K27me3 at PCH is specific to pluripotent cells in chicken. Our results demonstrate that the dynamics in chromatin constitution described during mouse development is not universal to all vertebrate species.
机译：染色质表观遗传学参与后生动物发育过程中的基因表达控制。组蛋白的DNA甲基化和翻译后修饰（PTM）已广泛存在于小鼠胚胎中或源自小鼠胚胎的细胞类型中。在源自胚泡的胚胎干细胞（ESC）中，参与表观遗传标记沉积的因子调节着与自我更新和多能性有关的特性。在生殖谱系中，组蛋白PTM和DNA去甲基化的变化在原始生殖细胞（PGC）形成期间发生，以重置未来配子的表观基因组。 Polycomb组蛋白对赖氨酸27（H3K27me3）上的组蛋白H3进行三甲基化参与了多个表观基因组重塑步骤，但尚不清楚这些表观遗传学特征是否在非哺乳动物脊椎动物中得以保留。为了研究这个问题，我们比较了鸡胚胎干细胞，PGC和胚细胞（BCs）中主要组蛋白PTM，5-甲基胞嘧啶（5mC）和5-羟甲基胞嘧啶（5hmC）的丰度和核分布，以及分化的鸡胚胎干细胞和胚胎成纤维细胞。此外，我们分析了染色质修饰基因的表达，以更好地了解染色质表观遗传谱的建立和动力学。鸡干细胞中大多数PTM和5hmC的核分布与哺乳动物细胞的核分布相似。然而，与小鼠外周中心异染色质（PCH）不同，鸡ESC PCH在赖氨酸27（H3K27me3）上含有高水平的三甲基化组蛋白H3。在分化的鸡细胞中，相对于整个染色质，PCH的H3K27me3富集程度较低。在PGC中，H3K27me3的整体水平大大降低，而H3K9me3的水平却升高了。哺乳动物中已知的大多数染色质修饰基因均在鸡ESC，PGC和BC中表达。推测涉及从头DNA甲基化的基因被高度表达。与分化的鸡胚胎干细胞和胚胎成纤维细胞相比，DNMT3B和HELLS / SMARCA6在鸡胚胎干细胞，PGC和BC中高表达，而DNMT3A在胚胎干细胞，分化的胚胎干细胞和BC中高表达。鸡ESC和PGC在H3K27甲基化方面不同于哺乳动物。在PCH中H3K27me3的高度富集对鸡的多能细胞具有特异性。我们的结果表明，在小鼠发育过程中描述的染色质组成动力学并不适用于所有脊椎动物。

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