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Mitigation of building-related polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor air of a school

机译：减轻学校室内空气中与建筑相关的多氯联苯

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Background Sealants and other building materials sold in the U.S. from 1958 - 1971 were commonly manufactured with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at percent quantities by weight. Volatilization of PCBs from construction materials has been reported to produce PCB levels in indoor air that exceed health protective guideline values. The discovery of PCBs in indoor air of schools can produce numerous complications including disruption of normal operations and potential risks to health. Understanding the dynamics of building-related PCBs in indoor air is needed to identify effective strategies for managing potential exposures and risks. This paper reports on the efficacy of selected engineering controls implemented to mitigate concentrations of PCBs in indoor air. Methods Three interventions (ventilation, contact encapsulation, and physical barriers) were evaluated in an elementary school with PCB-containing caulk and elevated PCB concentrations in indoor air. Fluorescent light ballasts did not contain PCBs. Following implementation of the final intervention, measurements obtained over 14 months were used to assess the efficacy of the mitigation methods over time as well as temporal variability of PCBs in indoor air. Results Controlling for air exchange rates and temperature, the interventions produced statistically significant (p < 0.05) reductions in concentrations of PCBs in indoor air of the school. The mitigation measures remained effective over the course of the entire follow-up period. After all interventions were implemented, PCB levels in indoor air were associated with indoor temperature. In a "broken-stick" regression model with a node at 20°C, temperature explained 79% of the variability of indoor PCB concentrations over time (p < 0.001). Conclusions Increasing outdoor air ventilation, encapsulating caulk, and constructing a physical barrier over the encapsulated material were shown to be effective at reducing exposure concentrations of PCBs in indoor air of a school and also preventing direct contact with PCB caulk. In-place management methods such as these avoid the disruption and higher costs of demolition, disposal and reconstruction required when PCB-containing building materials are removed from a school. Because of the influence of temperature on indoor air PCB levels, risk assessment results based on short-term measurements, e.g., a single day or season, may be erroneous and could lead to sub-optimal allocation of resources.
机译：背景技术1958年至1971年在美国销售的密封胶和其他建筑材料通常是由多氯联苯（PCB）制造的，其重量百分比为百分数。据报道，建筑材料中多氯联苯的挥发会导致室内空气中的多氯联苯含量超过健康保护准则值。在学校室内空气中发现多氯联苯会产生许多并发症，包括干扰正常操作和潜在的健康风险。需要了解室内空气中与建筑物相关的PCB的动态特性，以识别用于管理潜在暴露和风险的有效策略。本文报告了为减轻室内空气中多氯联苯的浓度而实施的某些工程控制措施的功效。方法在一所小学，评估了三种干预措施（通风，接触密封和物理障碍），这些干预措施中含有多氯联苯的缝隙和室内空气中多氯联苯的浓度较高。荧光灯镇流器不含PCB。实施最终干预措施后，使用14个月以上获得的测量值来评估缓解方法随时间推移的效果以及室内空气中PCBs的时间变化。结果在控制空气交换速率和温度的情况下，干预措施使学校室内空气中的PCBs浓度降低了统计学显着（p <0.05）。缓解措施在整个后续期间均保持有效。实施所有干预措施后，室内空气中的PCB含量与室内温度相关。在节点为20°C的“折断”回归模型中，温度解释了室内PCB浓度随时间变化的79％（p <0.001）。结论事实证明，增加室外空气流通，封装填缝以及在被填封的材料上建立物理屏障可有效降低学校室内空气中PCBs的暴露浓度，并防止与PCB填缝的直接接触。诸如此类的就地管理方法避免了从学校移除含PCB的建筑材料时所造成的破坏，拆除，处置和重建的较高成本。由于温度对室内空气PCB水平的影响，基于短期测量（例如一天或一个季节）的风险评估结果可能是错误的，并可能导致资源分配不理想。

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