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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source >The work environment disability-adjusted life year for use with life cycle assessment: a methodological approach
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The work environment disability-adjusted life year for use with life cycle assessment: a methodological approach

机译：用于生命周期评估的工作环境残疾调整生命年：一种方法学方法

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Background Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a systems-based method used to determine potential impacts to the environment associated with a product throughout its life cycle. Conclusions from LCA studies can be applied to support decisions regarding product design or public policy, therefore, all relevant inputs (e.g., raw materials, energy) and outputs (e.g., emissions, waste) to the product system should be evaluated to estimate impacts. Currently, work-related impacts are not routinely considered in LCA. The objectives of this paper are: 1) introduce the work environment disability-adjusted life year (WE-DALY), one portion of a characterization factor used to express the magnitude of impacts to human health attributable to work-related exposures to workplace hazards; 2) outline the methods for calculating the WE-DALY; 3) demonstrate the calculation; and 4) highlight strengths and weaknesses of the methodological approach. Methods The concept of the WE-DALY and the methodological approach to its calculation is grounded in the World Health Organization’s disability-adjusted life year (DALY). Like the DALY, the WE-DALY equation considers the years of life lost due to premature mortality and the years of life lived with disability outcomes to estimate the total number of years of healthy life lost in a population. The equation requires input in the form of the number of fatal and nonfatal injuries and illnesses that occur in the industries relevant to the product system evaluated in the LCA study, the age of the worker at the time of the fatal or nonfatal injury or illness, the severity of the injury or illness, and the duration of time lived with the outcomes of the injury or illness. Results The methodological approach for the WE-DALY requires data from various sources, multi-step instructions to determine each variable used in the WE-DALY equation, and assumptions based on professional opinion. Conclusions Results support the use of the WE-DALY in a characterization factor in LCA. Integrating occupational health into LCA studies will provide opportunities to prevent shifting of impacts between the work environment and the environment external to the workplace and co-optimize human health, to include worker health, and environmental health.
机译：背景生命周期评估（LCA）是一种基于系统的方法，用于确定产品在整个生命周期中对环境的潜在影响。 LCA研究得出的结论可用于支持有关产品设计或公共政策的决策，因此，应评估产品系统的所有相关输入（例如原材料，能源）和输出（例如排放物，废物）以评估影响。目前，LCA并未常规考虑与工作相关的影响。本文的目标是：1）介绍工作环境的残疾调整生命年（WE-DALY），这是表征因子的一部分，用于表达与工作相关的工作场所暴露于危害对人类健康的影响程度; 2）概述计算WE-DALY的方法; 3）演示计算;和4）强调方法论方法的优点和缺点。方法WE-DALY的概念及其计算方法基于世界卫生组织的残疾调整生命年（DALY）。像DALY一样，WE-DALY方程式也考虑了因过早死亡而丧生的年数以及因残障而丧生的年数，从而估计了人口中因健康而丧生的总年数。该方程式需要以LCA研究评估的产品系统相关行业中发生的致命和非致命伤害和疾病的数量，致命或非致命伤害或疾病发生时的工人年龄的形式输入，伤害或疾病的严重程度，以及伤害或疾病的后果所持续的时间。结果WE-DALY的方法论方法需要来自各种来源的数据，多步骤的指令来确定WE-DALY方程中使用的每个变量以及基于专业意见的假设。结论结果支持在LCA的表征因素中使用WE-DALY。将职业健康纳入LCA研究将提供机会，以防止工作环境与工作场所外部环境之间的影响转移，并共同优化人类健康，包括工人健康和环境健康。

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