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Biodiversity, microbes and human well-being

机译:生物多样性,微生物与人类福祉

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The biodiversity hypothesis postulates that the rapid increase in the prevalence of allergies, asthma and other chronic inflammatory disorders in developed countries in the past few decades is caused by loss of biodiversity, which reduces human exposure to beneficial environmental microbes with essential immunoregulatory functions. The biodiversity hypothesis builds upon Graham Rook’s ‘old friends’ concept, which highlights the long-term evolution of the human immune system with a diverse assembly of microbes. I describe a case study showing that the incidence of atopy (allergy sensitization) in adolescents decreases significantly with an increasing amount of forest and agricultural land in the surroundings of their homes. Environmental microbiota as part of broader biodiversity provides a tangible but little appreciated ‘ecosystem service’, which is vital for every individual.
机译:生物多样性假说假设,在过去的几十年中,发达国家中过敏,哮喘和其他慢性炎症性疾病的流行迅速增加是由于生物多样性的丧失而引起的,这减少了人类对具有基本免疫调节功能的有益环境微生物的接触。生物多样性假说是建立在格雷厄姆·鲁克(Graham Rook)的“老朋友”概念的基础上的,该概念强调了人类免疫系统的长期进化,其中包括多种微生物。我描述了一个案例研究,该研究表明,随着房屋周围森林和农业用地的增加,青少年中特应性(过敏性致敏)的发生率显着下降。作为更广泛的生物多样性的一部分的环境微生物群提供了切实但鲜为人知的“生态系统服务”,这对于每个人都至关重要。

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