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Academic freedom, the ‘teacher exception’, and the diminished professor

机译：学术自由，“教师例外”和教授人数减少

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ABSTRACT: This essay seeks to place the subject of academic freedom in the larger context of the management of the contemporary university. It does so first by reviewing the legal history of academic freedom, a narrative that reveals its steady erosion over the course of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The second section of the essay explores incursions by university administrators into the ownership of teaching materials. Though it was long taken for granted that instructors owned the content of the courses they taught, the transformation of pedagogy through technology has changed that, as administrators can now monitor, control and indeed commodify the courses they offer. Taken together, the legal redefinition of academic freedom and the erosion of what used to be called the ‘teacher exception’ to the work-for-hire rule have turned universities into more manageable workplaces and university instructors into ordinary workers.
机译：摘要：本文旨在将学术自由的主题置于当代大学管理的更大范围内。它首先通过回顾学术自由的法律历史来做到这一点，这一叙述揭示了其在二十世纪和二十一世纪初的发展过程中不断受到侵蚀。本文的第二部分探讨了大学管理者对教材所有权的干预。尽管很久以来理所当然的是，讲师拥有他们所教课程的内容，但是通过技术对教学法的转变已经改变了，因为管理员现在可以监视，控制和确实对他们提供的课程进行商品化。综上所述，对学术自由的法律重新定义以及对以前所谓的“以工作为例外”规则的侵蚀使大学变成了更易于管理的工作场所，大学教员变成了普通工人。

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