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Conditioning, Correlation and Entropy Generation in Maxwell’s Demon

机译：麦克斯韦恶魔的条件，相关性和熵产生

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Maxwell’s Demon conspires to use information about the state of a confined molecule in a Szilard engine (randomly frozen into a state subspace by his own actions) to derive work from a single-temperature heat bath. It is widely accepted that, if the Demon can achieve this at all, he can do so without violating the Second Law only because of a counterbalancing price that must be paid to erase information when the Demon’s memory is reset at the end of his operating cycle. In this paper, Maxwell’s Demon is analyzed within a “referential” approach to physical information that defines and quantifies the Demon’s information via correlations between the joint physical state of the confined molecule and that of the Demon’s memory. On this view, which received early emphasis in Fahn’s 1996 classical analysis of Maxwell’s Demon, information is erased not during the memory reset step of the Demon’s cycle, but rather during the expansion step, when these correlations are destroyed. Dissipation and work extraction are analyzed here for a Demon that operates a generalized quantum mechanical Szilard engine embedded in a globally closed composite, which also includes a work reservoir, a heat bath and the remainder of the Demon’s environment. Memory-engine correlations lost during the expansion step, which enable extraction of work from the Demon via operations conditioned on the memory contents, are shown to be dissipative when this decorrelation is achieved unconditionally so no work can be extracted. Fahn’s essential conclusions are upheld in generalized form, and his quantitative results supported via appropriate specialization to the Demon of his classical analysis, all without external appeal to classical thermodynamics, the Second Law, phase space conservation arguments or Landauer’s Principle.
机译：麦克斯韦（Maxwell）的恶魔（Demon）企图利用有关Szilard引擎中的受限分子状态的信息（通过他自己的行动被随机冻结到状态子空间中）来从单温热浴中导出工作。公认的是，如果恶魔能够完全做到这一点，那么他可以这样做而不会违反第二定律，这仅仅是因为在恶魔的操作周期结束时重置其内存时必须付出一定的平衡价格才能擦除信息。 。在本文中，麦克斯韦的恶魔是在物理信息的“参照”方法中进行分析的，物理方法通过限制分子的联合物理状态与恶魔的记忆的联合物理状态之间的相关性来定义和量化恶魔的信息。这种观点在Fahn于1996年对麦克斯韦的恶魔的经典分析中得到了较早的强调，并不是在恶魔循环的内存重置步骤中而是在扩展步骤中删除了相关信息，从而消除了信息。本文分析了一个恶魔的耗散和功提取，该恶魔运行嵌入全球封闭复合材料中的广义量子力学Szilard发动机，该发动机还包括工作容器，热水浴以及恶魔环境的其余部分。当无条件实现解相关时，在扩展步骤中丢失的内存引擎相关性（使能够通过以内存内容为条件的操作从恶魔中提取工作）失去作用，因此无法提取任何工作。 Fahn的基本结论以广义形式得到坚持，他的定量结果通过对他的经典分析的恶魔进行了适当的专业化支持，而没有外界对经典热力学，第二定律，相空间守恒论点或Landauer原理的吸引力。

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