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Information Dynamics in the Interaction between a Prey and a Predator Fish

机译：猎物与食肉鱼之间相互作用中的信息动力学

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Accessing information efficiently is vital for animals to make the optimal decisions, and it is particularly important when they are facing predators. Yet until now, very few quantitative conclusions have been drawn about the information dynamics in the interaction between animals due to the lack of appropriate theoretic measures. Here, we employ transfer entropy (TE), a new information-theoretic and model-free measure, to explore the information dynamics in the interaction between a predator and a prey fish. We conduct experiments in which a predator and a prey fish are confined in separate parts of an arena, but can communicate with each other visually and tactilely. TE is calculated on the pair’s coarse-grained state of the trajectories. We find that the prey’s TE is generally significantly bigger than the predator’s during trials, which indicates that the dominant information is transmitted from predator to prey. We then demonstrate that the direction of information flow is irrelevant to the parameters used in the coarse-grained procedures. We further calculate the prey’s TE at different distances between it and the predator. The resulted figure shows that there is a high plateau in the mid-range of the distance and that drops quickly at both the near and the far ends. This result reflects that there is a sensitive space zone where the prey is highly vigilant of the predator’s position.
机译：有效地获取信息对于动物做出最佳决策至关重要，当它们面对掠食者时尤为重要。到目前为止，由于缺乏适当的理论手段，关于动物之间相互作用中的信息动力学的定量结论很少。在这里，我们采用转移熵（TE），这是一种新的信息理论方法和无模型方法，用于探索捕食者与猎物之间相互作用中的信息动态。我们进行的实验中，捕食者和猎物被限制在竞技场的不同部分，但可以在视觉和触觉上相互交流。 TE是根据线对的粗粒度状态计算的。我们发现，在试验过程中，猎物的TE通常比捕食者的TE大得多，这表明优势信息是从捕食者传递到猎物的。然后，我们证明了信息流的方向与粗粒度过程中使用的参数无关。我们进一步计算猎物与捕食者之间不同距离的TE。结果图表明，在距离的中间范围内有一个高平台，并且在近端和远端都迅速下降。结果表明，存在一个敏感区域，在该区域中，猎物对掠食者的位置保持高度警惕。

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