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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental sciences Europe >Surveying the occurrence of subspontaneous glyphosate-tolerant genetically engineered Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae) along Swiss railways
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Surveying the occurrence of subspontaneous glyphosate-tolerant genetically engineered Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae) along Swiss railways

机译：调查瑞士铁路沿途自发耐草甘膦的基因工程甘蓝型油菜（Brassicaceae）的发生

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Background Railway tracks represent a highly interlinked habitat with numerous possibilities for accidental entry of oilseed rape due to seed spill during transportation. Moreover, glyphosate is regularly employed to control the vegetation, increasing the possibility of establishment for plants resistant to it. We surveyed the presence of genetically engineered glyphosate tolerant oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) with a focus on the most important Swiss railway stations. Our objective was to detect accidental establishment of transgenic plants, since Switzerland does not import nor cultivate transgenic oilseed rape. Results Seventy-nine railway areas were sampled in Switzerland and the Principality of Liechtenstein , and the feral presence of oilseed rape was detected in 58 of them. A total of 2403 individuals were tested for genetic modification using commercially available immunologic test kits. In four localities, one located in Lugano and three in the area of Basel, a total of 50 plants expressing the CP4 EPSPS protein were detected. In two of the localities, survival of herbicide applications was observed. The populations were probably introduced through contaminated seed spills from freight trains, or during the transfer of goods from cargo ships to trains. Conclusions Railways represent an ideal system for herbicide resistant transgenic plants to establish and spread as a result of high selective pressure in favour of herbicide resistance with consequent increased difficulties to keep the infrastructure free of weeds. Crop-to-wild gene flow can occur as several sexually compatible species which are congeneric or in allied genera to oilseed rape were found growing sympatrically. Moreover, the capillary presence of railways in the agricultural landscape provides a putative source of contamination of GE-free agriculture. Our results suggests that carefully adapted monitoring designs may be set in order to detect introduction events that can lead to rapid establishment and growing populations as the accepted contamination thresholds are likely to be biologically insufficient to prevent further environmental contamination.
机译：背景技术铁轨代表了一个高度相互联系的栖息地，由于运输过程中种子溢出，油菜籽偶然进入油菜籽的可能性不计其数。此外，通常使用草甘膦来控制植物，增加了建立抗草甘膦植物的可能性。我们调查了基因工程耐受草甘膦油菜（Brassica napus）的存在，重点是最重要的瑞士火车站。由于瑞士既不进口也不种植转基因油菜，因此我们的目标是发现转基因植物的意外形成。结果在瑞士和列支敦士登公国采样了79个铁路区域，其中58个发现了油菜的野性存在。使用市售的免疫学测试试剂盒测试了总共2403个人的基因修饰。在四个地方，一个位于卢加诺，三个在巴塞尔地区，共检测到50种表达CP4 EPSPS蛋白的植物。在两个地方，观察到除草剂施用的存活率。这些人口可能是由于货运火车上污染的种子溢出物或在将货物从货船转移到火车上时引入的。结论铁路代表了抗除草剂转基因植物建立和传播的理想系统，这是由于高选择压力有利于除草剂的抗性，因此增加了保持基础设施无杂草的难度。作物到野生基因的流动可能会发生，因为发现有几种同性或同种或同属油菜的同性繁殖同伴生长。此外，铁路在农业景观中的毛细血管存在为无转基因农业的污染提供了推定来源。我们的结果表明，可以设置经过仔细调整的监测设计，以检测可能导致快速建立和种群增长的引入事件，因为可接受的污染阈值在生物学上可能不足以防止进一步的环境污染。

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