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Ecological Economic Evaluation Based on Emergy as Embodied Cosmic Exergy: A Historical Study for the Beijing Urban Ecosystem 1978–2004

机译：基于能值作为宇宙能值的生态经济评价：1978-2004年北京城市生态系统的历史研究

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摘要

For ecological economic evaluation based on the unified biophysical matrix this research illustrates an updated emergy synthesis in terms of embodied cosmic exergy instead of embodied solar energy, which successes the foundation of systems ecological theory but changes the starting point for the estimation from simply the sun to the cosmos. According to the modified definition implicating explicit scarcity and strict additivity based on the fundamental thermodynamics laws, the updated emergy approach overcomes the confusable and intractable deficiencies of traditional one and shows firmer theoretical basis as well as better applicability. As a case study for the regional socio-economic ecosystem, a cosmic emergy based ecological economic evaluation of the Beijing urban ecosystem during the period 1978-2004 is presented. The local and external resources supporting the concerned ecosystem are accounted and analyzed in a common unit, i.e., cosmic Joule, according to which a series of indicators are applied to reveal its evolutional characteristics through five aspects as emergy structure, emergy intensity, emergy welfare, environmental impacts, and degree of exploitation and economic efficiency. During the analyzed period, the major emergy source sustaining the operation of the ecosystem had changed from the renewable resources exploited locally to the nonrenewable resources purchased from outside. Emergy intensity for the Beijing urban ecosystem kept rising owing to the continuous investment of resources, which not only improved the living standard but also intensified the environmental pressure. Moreover, the increase of exploitation degree was accompanied with the decline of economic efficiency, while the rising emergy investment ratio implicates that Beijing was at the risks of resources shortage and high dependence on external resources.
机译：对于基于统一生物物理矩阵的生态经济评估，本研究从体现的宇宙能级而不是体现的太阳能方面阐述了一种更新的能值综合，它成功地建立了系统生态学理论的基础，但将估计的起点从单纯的太阳转换为太阳。宇宙。根据基于基本热力学定律的明确定义的稀缺性和严格加性的修改定义，更新后的能值方法克服了传统方法的令人困惑和棘手的缺陷，并显示了更牢固的理论基础以及更好的适用性。作为区域社会经济生态系统的案例研究，提出了基于宇宙能值的1978-2004年北京城市生态系统生态经济评价。支持相关生态系统的本地和外部资源在一个通用单位（即宇宙焦耳）中进行计算和分析，据此，一系列指标通过能值结构，能值强度，能效福利，环境影响，开发程度和经济效率。在分析期间，维持生态系统运行的主要能源已从当地开发的可再生资源变为从外部购买的不可再生资源。由于资源的不断投入，北京城市生态系统的能值强度不断提高，不仅提高了生活水平，而且加剧了环境压力。此外，开发程度的提高伴随着经济效率的下降，而能值投资率的上升则暗示北京面临资源短缺和高度依赖外部资源的风险。

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