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首页> 外文期刊>Emerging Health Threats Journal >Dead or alive: animal sampling during Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in humans
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Dead or alive: animal sampling during Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in humans

机译：生死攸关：人类埃博拉出血热暴发期间的动物采样

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There are currently no widely accepted animal surveillance guidelines for human Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) outbreak investigations to identify potential sources of Ebolavirus (EBOV) spillover into humans and other animals. Animal field surveillance during and following an outbreak has several purposes, from helping identify the specific animal source of a human case to guiding control activities by describing the spatial and temporal distribution of wild circulating EBOV, informing public health efforts, and contributing to broader EHF research questions. Since 1976, researchers have sampled over 10,000 individual vertebrates from areas associated with human EHF outbreaks and tested for EBOV or antibodies. Using field surveillance data associated with EHF outbreaks, this review provides guidance on animal sampling for resource-limited outbreak situations, target species, and in some cases which diagnostics should be prioritized to rapidly assess the presence of EBOV in animal reservoirs. In brief, EBOV detection was 32.7% (18/55) for carcasses (animals found dead) and 0.2% (13/5309) for live captured animals. Our review indicates that for the purposes of identifying potential sources of transmission from animals to humans and isolating suspected virus in an animal in outbreak situations, (1) surveillance of free-ranging non-human primate mortality and morbidity should be a priority, (2) any wildlife morbidity or mortality events should be investigated and may hold the most promise for locating virus or viral genome sequences, (3) surveillance of some bat species is worthwhile to isolate and detect evidence of exposure, and (4) morbidity, mortality, and serology studies of domestic animals should prioritize dogs and pigs and include testing for virus and previous exposure.
机译：当前尚无用于人类埃博拉出血热（EHF）暴发调查的广泛接受的动物监视指南，以识别埃博拉病毒（EBOV）溢出到人和其他动物的潜在来源。爆发期间和爆发后的动物场监视具有多个目的，从帮助确定人类病例的特定动物来源到通过描述野生循环EBOV的时空分布，指导公共卫生工作以及促进更广泛的EHF研究来指导控制活动问题。自1976年以来，研究人员从与人类EHF爆发相关的地区抽取了10,000多只脊椎动物，并对其EBOV或抗体进行了测试。利用与EHF暴发相关的现场监测数据，本综述为资源有限的暴发情况，目标物种以及某些情况下应优先进行诊断以快速评估动物水库中EBOV存在的动物采样提供指导。简而言之，屠体（发现死亡的动物）的EBOV检测率为32.7％（18/55），而活的捕获动物的EBOV检测率为0.2％（13/5309）。我们的审查表明，为了确定在疾病暴发情况下从动物到人类的潜在传播来源并分离出动物中的可疑病毒，（1）应当优先监视范围广泛的非人类灵长类动物的死亡率和发病率，（2 ）应调查任何野生动物的发病或死亡事件，并且最有可能找到病毒或病毒基因组序列;（3）监视某些蝙蝠物种值得隔离和检测暴露的证据;（4）发病率，死亡率，家畜的血清学研究应优先考虑狗和猪，并包括病毒和以前的暴露测试。

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