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Prospects and Challenges in Seed Sector Development: Lessons from Eastern Ethiopia

机译：种子部门发展的前景与挑战：埃塞俄比亚东部的经验教训

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Ethiopian seed system aim to enhance efficiency and satisfy the farmer's seed demand for reliable supply of a range of improved seed varieties of assured quality at an acceptable price. To ensure this goal different actors (operators, supporters, and enablers) are involving in seed value chain. Currently, the seed demand and supply in Ethiopia in general and Hararghe zones in particular is a paradox. Although seed supply does not meet the demand of farmers, significant amount of seed leftover every year at unions and primary cooperatives stores. The objectives of this study were to analyze seed production and utilization trends and assesses institutional and technical capacity of actors across seed value chain in Eastern Ethiopia. The outcome of the assessment revealed that limited availability and access of basic seed for seed production; limited infrastructural and technical capacity of seed producers; fragmented land for seed production; weak internal seed quality inspection; poor post-harvest seed processing and value addition; weak external seed quality inspection and certification services; lack of market information and linkage; poor coordination and collaboration among actors; and natural disasters are some of the key challenges affecting seed business. For seed marketing and distribution the existing conventional seed marketing system in which government plays a dominant role is inefficient to satisfy farmer's seed demand. Our result also revealed that direct seed marketing system cannot address all farmers located over wider agro-ecologies due to geo-location, limited volume, limited infrastructure facilities and diversity. It is recommended that defining clear roles and responsibilities of different actors in the seed value chain and working according to the agreed responsibilities; strengthening institutional and technical capacity of research centers and unions for continues supply of early generation seed and certified seeds, respectively and enforcement of seed regulatory functions to ensure transparency and accountability.
机译：埃塞俄比亚种子系统旨在提高效率并满足农民的种子需求，以便以可接受的价格可靠地提供一系列质量保证的改良种子。为了确保这一目标，不同的参与者（运营商，支持者和推动者）都参与了种子价值链。目前，埃塞俄比亚一般，特别是哈拉格地区的种子供求关系是一个悖论。尽管种子供应不能满足农民的需求，但每年工会和初级合作社商店中都有大量的种子剩余。这项研究的目的是分析种子生产和利用趋势，并评估埃塞俄比亚东部整个种子价值链中参与者的机构和技术能力。评估结果表明，用于生产种子的基本种子的可获得性和可获得性有限;种子生产者的基础设施和技术能力有限;零散的土地用于种子生产;内部种子质量检查不力;收获后种子加工和附加值差;外部种子质量检查和认证服务薄弱;缺乏市场信息和联系;行动者之间的协调与协作不力;自然灾害是影响种子业务的一些关键挑战。对于种子销售和分配，由政府主导的现有常规种子销售系统无法有效满足农民的种子需求。我们的结果还表明，由于地理位置，数量有限，基础设施有限和多样性，直接种子销售系统无法解决更广泛的农业生态中的所有农民问题。建议定义种子价值链中不同参与者的明确角色和职责，并按照商定的职责开展工作;加强研究中心和工会的机构和技术能力，以继续分别供应早代种子和认证种子，并加强种子管理职能，以确保透明度和问责制。

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