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首页> 外文期刊>Evolution Letters >Integrating viability and fecundity selection to illuminate the adaptive nature of genetic clines
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Integrating viability and fecundity selection to illuminate the adaptive nature of genetic clines

机译：整合生存力和生殖力选择以阐明遗传系的适应性

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Abstract Genetically based trait variation across environmental gradients can reflect adaptation to local environments. However, natural populations that appear well-adapted often exhibit directional, not stabilizing, selection on ecologically relevant traits. Temporal variation in the direction of selection could lead to stabilizing selection across multiple episodes of selection, which might be overlooked in short-term studies that evaluate relationships of traits and fitness under only one set of conditions. Furthermore, nonrandom mortality prior to trait expression can bias inferences about trait evolution if viability selection opposes fecundity selection. Here, we leveraged fitness and trait data to test whether phenotypic clines are genetically based and adaptive, whether temporal variation in climate imposes stabilizing selection, and whether viability selection acts on adult phenotypes. We monitored transplants of the subalpine perennial forb, Boechera stricta (Brassicaceae), in common gardens at two elevations over 2–3 years that differed in drought intensity. We quantified viability, and fecundity fitness components for four heritable traits: specific leaf area, integrated water-use efficiency, height at first flower, and flowering phenology. Our results indicate that genetic clines are maintained by selection, but their expression is context dependent, as they do not emerge in all environments. Moreover, selection varied spatially and temporally. Stabilizing selection was most pronounced when we integrated data across years. Finally, viability selection prior to trait expression targeted adult phenotypes (age and size at flowering). Indeed, viability selection for delayed flowering opposed fecundity selection for accelerated flowering; this result demonstrates that neglecting to account for viability selection could lead to inaccurate conclusions that populations are maladapted. Our results suggest that reconciling clinal trait variation with selection requires data collected across multiple spatial scales, time frames, and life-history stages.
机译：摘要跨环境梯度的基于遗传的性状变异可以反映对当地环境的适应性。然而，看起来适应性强的自然种群通常在生态相关性状上表现出方向性的选择，而不是稳定的选择。选择方向的时间变化可能会导致多个选择事件之间的选择稳定，这在短期研究中可能会被忽略，该研究仅在一组条件下评估特质与适应性之间的关系。此外，如果生存力选择与繁殖力选择相反，则性状表达之前的非随机死亡率可能会使关于性状进化的推论产生偏差。在这里，我们利用适应性和性状数据来测试表型家族是否基于遗传和适应性，气候的时间变化是否会施加稳定的选择，以及成年表型是否具有生存力选择。我们在2至3年内的两个海拔高度不同的干旱强度不同的普通花园中，监测了亚高山多年生Forebera stricta（Brassicaceae）的移植。我们量化了四个遗传性状的生存力和繁殖力组成部分：比叶面积，综合水分利用效率，第一朵花的高度和开花物候。我们的结果表明，遗传系通过选择来维持，但它们的表达是上下文相关的，因为它们并非在所有环境中都出现。而且，选择在空间和时间上都不同。当我们整合多年数据时，稳定选择最为明显。最后，性状表达之前的生存力选择针对成年表型（开花时的年龄和大小）。确实，延迟开花的活力选择与加速开花的繁殖力相反;该结果表明，忽略考虑生存力选择可能导致不正确的结论，即种群适应不良。我们的结果表明，要协调选择的性状特征需要跨多个空间尺度，时间范围和生活史阶段收集的数据。

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