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首页> 外文期刊>European Journal of Psychotraumatology >The relationship between chronic whiplash-associated disorder and post-traumatic stress: attachment-anxiety may be a vulnerability factor
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The relationship between chronic whiplash-associated disorder and post-traumatic stress: attachment-anxiety may be a vulnerability factor

机译：慢性鞭打相关疾病与创伤后应激之间的关系：依恋焦虑可能是易感性因素

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Background: In more than 90% of whiplash accidents a good explanation regarding the association between trauma mechanism, organic pathology, and persistent symptoms has failed to be provided. Objective: We predicted that the severity of chronic whiplash-associated disorder (WAD), measured as number of whiplash symptoms, pain duration, pain-related disability, and degree of somatisation would be associated with the number of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD). Secondly, we expected attachment-anxiety to be a vulnerability factor in relation to both PTSD and WAD. Design: Data were collected from 1,349 women and 360 men suffering from WAD from the Danish Society for Polio, Traffic, and Accident Victims. The PTSD symptoms were measured by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. All three core PTSD clusters were included: re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Attachment security was measured along the two dimensions, attachment-anxiety and attachment-avoidance, by the Revised Adult Attachment Scale. Results: PTSD symptoms were significantly related to the severity of WAD. In particular, the PTSD clusters of avoidance and hyperarousal were associated with the number of whiplash symptoms, disability, and somatisation. Attachment-anxiety was significantly related to PTSD symptoms and somatisation but not to pain and disability. A co-morbidity of 38.8% was found between the PTSD diagnosis and WAD, and about 20% of the sample could be characterised as securely attached. Conclusions: The PTSD clusters of avoidance and hyperarousal were significantly associated with severity of WAD. The study emphasises the importance of assessing PTSD symptomatology after whiplash injury. Furthermore, it highlights that attachment theory may facilitate the understanding of why some people are more prone to develop PTSD and WAD than others.For or full text in other languages, please see Supplementary files under Reading Tools online.
机译：背景：在超过90％的鞭打事故中，未能提供有关创伤机制，器质性病理和持续症状之间关联的良好解释。 目的：我们预测，以鞭打症状的数量，疼痛持续时间，疼痛相关的残疾和躯体化程度来衡量，慢性鞭打相关疾病（WAD）的严重程度将与创伤后应激的数量相关疾病症状（PTSD）。其次，我们期望依恋是与PTSD和WAD相关的脆弱性因素。设计：数据来自丹麦小儿麻痹症，交通和事故受害者协会的1349名女性和360名患有WAD的男性。 PTSD症状由哈佛创伤问卷调查。包括了所有三个核心PTSD集群：重新体验，回避和高度兴奋。通过修订的成人依恋量表，沿着依恋焦虑和依恋避免这两个维度来衡量依恋安全性。结果：PTSD症状与WAD的严重程度显着相关。尤其是，PTSD避免和过度兴奋与鞭打症状，残疾和躯体化的数量有关。依恋焦虑与PTSD症状和躯体化显着相关，但与疼痛和残疾无关。 PTSD诊断与WAD合并症的合并症率为38.8％，约有20％的样本可被确定为牢固附着。结论：避免和过度兴奋的PTSD簇与WAD的严重程度显着相关。该研究强调了鞭打损伤后评估PTSD症状的重要性。此外，它强调了依恋理论可能有助于理解为什么某些人比其他人更容易开发PTSD和WAD。有关其他语言的全文，请参见在线阅读工具下的补充文件。

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