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首页> 外文期刊>European Journal of Psychotraumatology >Unique neurobiology during the sensitive period for attachment produces distinctive infant trauma processing
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Unique neurobiology during the sensitive period for attachment produces distinctive infant trauma processing

机译：在敏感时期，独特的神经生物学会产生独特的婴儿创伤过程

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BackgroundTrauma has neurobehavioral effects when experienced at any stage of development, but trauma experienced in early life has unique neurobehavioral outcomes related to later life psychiatric sequelae. Recent evidence has further highlighted the context of infant trauma as a critical variable in determining its immediate and enduring consequences. Trauma experienced from an attachment figure, such as occurs in cases of caregiver child maltreatment, is particularly detrimental.MethodsUsing data primarily from rodent models, we review the literature on the interaction between trauma and attachment in early life, which highlights the role of the caregiver's presence in engagement of attachment brain circuitry and suppressing threat processing by the amygdala. We then consider how trauma with and without the caregiver produces long-term changes in emotionality and behavior, and suggest that these experiences initiate distinct pathways to pathology.ResultsTogether these data suggest that infant trauma processing and its enduring effects are impacted by both the immaturity of brain areas for processing trauma and the unique functioning of the early-life brain, which is biased toward processing information within the attachment circuitry.ConclusionAn understanding of developmental differences in trauma processing as well as the critical role of the caregiver in further altering early life brain processing of trauma is important for developing age-relevant treatment and interventions.Highlights of the articleTrauma experienced in early life has been linked with life-long outcomes for mental health through a mechanism that remains unclear.Trauma experienced in the presence of a caregiver has unique consequences.The infant brain is predisposed toward processing information using attachment circuitry rather than threat circuitry.Data from rodent models suggest that repeated trauma in the presence of a caregiver prematurely engages brain areas important for threat, which may play a role in deleterious outcome.
机译：背景创伤在任何发育阶段均具有神经行为作用，但生命早期经历的创伤具有与后期精神病后遗症相关的独特神经行为结果。最近的证据进一步强调了婴儿创伤的背景，它是确定其直接和持久后果的关键变量。从依恋者身上经历的创伤尤其有害，例如在照顾者虐待儿童的情况下。方法使用主要来自啮齿动物模型的数据，我们回顾了有关创伤与依恋之间在早年生活中的相互作用的文献，这突显了照顾者的作用参与附着大脑电路并抑制杏仁核对威胁的处理。然后我们考虑有或没有看护者的创伤如何导致情绪和行为的长期变化，并建议这些经历引发了病理学的独特途径。结果加在一起，这些数据表明婴儿创伤的处理及其持久影响都受到婴儿的不成熟程度的影响。负责处理创伤的大脑区域和早期生命的大脑的独特功能，偏向于在附着回路中处理信息。结论了解创伤过程的发展差异以及看护者在进一步改变早期生命的大脑中的关键作用创伤的处理对于发展与年龄有关的治疗和干预措施很重要。文章的重点是早期生活中经历的创伤与心理健康的终生结果之间的联系尚不清楚，这种机制尚不清楚。后果。婴儿的大脑容易被拖走啮齿动物模型的数据表明，在照顾者在场的情况下，反复的创伤会过早地侵害对威胁至关重要的大脑区域，这可能在有害结局中发挥作用。

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