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Evolution in Lego ® : A Physical Simulation of Adaptation by Natural Selection

机译:Lego®中的进化:自然选择适应的物理模拟

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We describe a physical simulation of natural selection in a population of legorgs, six-segment model organisms. Legorg morphology is genetically specified by five alleles on each segment. Legorgs show a simple form of motility that could evolve in originally sessile animals. This motility, the ability to move horizontally on a smooth surface, depends on the morphology and interaction of the six segments that produce different patterns of locomotion. Legorgs are selected for motility and reproduce in proportion to fitness. After just five generations, the average population motility increases 2.5 times. Additionally, we describe a slightly less time-consuming simulation of legorg evolution, where fitness is assigned by comparison with a template. The calculation of gene pools is precisely the same as in the previous simulation and produces very robust increases in fitness during five generations. The simulation is designed as a classroom experiment to explore the mechanism of natural selection. A test of its learning efficiency by evaluating the students’ conception of central aspects of evolutionary theory before and after showed a significant improvement. The surprising power of natural selection in this very simple physical system may also be exploited in more advanced experiments.
机译:我们描述了一个人类的自然选择中的legorgs,六段模型有机体的物理模拟。 Legorg形态由每个片段上的五个等位基因遗传指定。 Legorgs显示出一种可以在原始无柄动物中进化的简单运动形式。这种运动能力是在光滑表面上水平移动的能力,它取决于产生不同运动模式的六个部分的形态和相互作用。 Legorgs被选择用于运动,并与体能成比例地繁殖。仅仅经过了五代,平均人口活动力增加了2.5倍。此外,我们描述了一种耗时较少的legorg进化模拟,其中通过与模板进行比较来分配适应度。基因库的计算与先前的模拟完全相同,并且在五代中产生了非常强劲的适应性提高。该模拟被设计为课堂实验,以探索自然选择的机制。通过评估学生对进化论的前后各方面的观念,对其学习效率进行了测试,结果显示了显着的进步。在这个非常简单的物理系统中自然选择的惊人能力也可以在更高级的实验中得到利用。

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