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首页> 外文期刊>Eukaryotic cell >How the Necrotrophic Fungus Alternaria brassicicola Kills Plant Cells Remains an Enigma
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How the Necrotrophic Fungus Alternaria brassicicola Kills Plant Cells Remains an Enigma

机译：坏死性真菌Alternaria braciicicola如何杀死植物细胞仍然是一个谜

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Alternaria species are mainly saprophytic fungi, but some are plant pathogens. Seven pathotypes of Alternaria alternata use secondary metabolites of host-specific toxins as pathogenicity factors. These toxins kill host cells prior to colonization. Genes associated with toxin synthesis reside on conditionally dispensable chromosomes, supporting the notion that pathogenicity might have been acquired several times by A. alternata. Alternaria brassicicola, however, seems to employ a different mechanism. Evidence on the use of host-specific toxins as pathogenicity factors remains tenuous, even after a diligent search aided by full-genome sequencing and efficient reverse-genetics approaches. Similarly, no individual genes encoding lipases or cell wall-degrading enzymes have been identified as strong virulence factors, although these enzymes have been considered important for fungal pathogenesis. This review describes our current understanding of toxins, lipases, and cell wall-degrading enzymes and their roles in the pathogenesis of A. brassicicola compared to those of other pathogenic fungi. It also describes a set of genes that affect pathogenesis in A. brassicicola. They are involved in various cellular functions that are likely important in most organisms and probably indirectly associated with pathogenesis. Deletion or disruption of these genes results in weakly virulent strains that appear to be sensitive to the defense mechanisms of host plants. Finally, this review discusses the implications of a recent discovery of three important transcription factors associated with pathogenesis and the putative downstream genes that they regulate.
机译：交链孢菌种类主要是腐生真菌，但有些是植物病原体。交链孢霉的七种病理类型使用宿主特异性毒素的次生代谢产物作为致病因子。这些毒素在定植之前会杀死宿主细胞。与毒素合成相关的基因驻留在有条件的可分配染色体上，这支持了一种潜在的病原性可能已被交链孢霉获得了好几次。然而，Alternaria braciicicola似乎采用了不同的机制。即使在全基因组测序和有效的逆向遗传学方法的帮助下进行了艰苦的搜索之后，使用宿主特异性毒素作为致病因子的证据仍然微不足道。类似地，没有编码脂肪酶或降解细胞壁的酶的单个基因被鉴定为强毒力因子，尽管这些酶被认为对真菌发病机理很重要。这篇综述描述了我们目前对毒素，脂肪酶和细胞壁降解酶的了解，以及与其他病原真菌相比，它们在A. brasicicola发病机理中的作用。它还描述了一组基因，这些基因影响芸苔假单胞菌的发病机理。它们参与了各种细胞功能，这些功能在大多数生物中可能很重要，并且可能与发病机制间接相关。这些基因的缺失或破坏导致弱毒株，似乎对宿主植物的防御机制敏感。最后，本篇文章讨论了最近发现的三个重要转录因子的相关含义，这些转录因子与发病机制及其调控的假定下游基因有关。

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