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首页> 外文期刊>Geoscience Records >Mineralogy and technology of bricks used for the construction of the XII century ducal castle on the island of Ostrów Tumski, Wroc?aw (SW Poland)
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Mineralogy and technology of bricks used for the construction of the XII century ducal castle on the island of Ostrów Tumski, Wroc?aw (SW Poland)

机译：弗罗茨瓦夫奥斯特罗夫·图姆斯基岛上的十二世纪公爵城堡建造所用的砖的矿物学和技术（西南波兰）

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AbstractThe historic bricks from the ducal castle on Ostrów Tumski (Wroc?aw), one of the first brickwork structures in the Lower Silesia, which dates back to the XII and XIII century, were studied and characterised by a combination of classical petrographic studies (polarising microscopy), scanning microscopy, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. The combined results of these methods suggest that the firing temperature ranges from 950°C, through the most common temperatures of 850–900°C, to the infrequent temperatures below 750°C. Most of the bricks were fired under oxidising conditions, occasionally over a sequence of oxidising and reducing steps, resulting in a sandwich structure. The results indicate, that low-calcareous raw materials were used, presumably Miocene-Pliocene ‘flamy clays’, exploited a few kilometres away from the castle and tempered with locally obtained sand from the Odra river. Only small differences have been recognized in: 1) clay to aplastic material ratio, 2) amount of accessory minerals, 3) grain-size distribution of aplastic materials, but no significant changes in the brick technology were observed. The observed variability corresponds well to the different constructing phases, identified previously on the basis of archaeological work. Thus, our work proves that a detailed mineralogical and petrological study may help to identify different construction phases in historic monuments.
机译：摘要研究了下西里西亚最早的砖砌结构之一的OstrówTumski（弗罗茨瓦夫）公爵城堡中的历史性砖块，其历史可追溯到十二和十三世纪，并结合了经典的岩相学研究（极化）显微镜），扫描显微镜，热分析和X射线衍射。这些方法的综合结果表明，烧成温度的范围从950°C到最常见的850-900°C到不低于750°C的温度。大多数砖块是在氧化条件下烧成的，偶尔经过一系列的氧化和还原步骤，形成了夹心结构。结果表明，使用了低钙质的原材料，大概是中新世-上新世的“火焰状粘土”，在距城堡几公里处开采，并用奥德拉河上的本地沙子进行了回火。仅在以下方面发现了很小的差异：1）粘土与再生材料的比率，2）辅助矿物的数量，3）再生材料的粒度分布，但未观察到砖技术的重大变化。观察到的变异性与先前根据考古工作确定的不同建造阶段很好地对应。因此，我们的工作证明，详细的矿物学和岩石学研究可能有助于确定历史古迹中的不同建造阶段。

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